Pattern of Development and Loss of Bone With Age

Exton‐Smith, A. N.; Millard, Peter; Erica, P.R. Payne; Wheeler, Floyd J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92483-0

Cited by 98 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bone mass was determined by means of a wrist and hand, including distal phalanges, x-ray and using the Exton-Smith Index [8,9]. This measure (D2-d2/D2 x 1000, D = external diameter, d = internal diameter of the 2nd left metacarpal bone, L = bone length) was chosen, al though it is a relatively old method, because it had been used before for the Greek population and was easily trans portable for use in the village.…”

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Nutrition status of the elderly in Anogia, Crete, Greece.

Kafatos

Diacatou

Labadarios

et al. 1993

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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General health and nutritional status of 167 free-living elderly Greek (aged 65-91 years) were assessed. The most prevalent diseases/symptoms encountered were related to respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and vascular systems (hypertension). Most subjects were socially active. Body mass index was < 20 and > 25 Kg/m2 in 7 and 57% of the subjects, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in women than in men, and as a group, 18 and 42%, respectively, had diastolic blood pressures > 90 and systolic blood pressures > 160 mmHg. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were detected in < 5% of the population. Total fat intake was 40-45% of total energy intake and most of it came from monounsaturated fat. Hypercholesterolemia (> 6 mmol/L) was present in 32% of subjects. The percentages of men who smoked (66%) or drank (68%) were significantly higher than those of women (2 and 1%, respectively). Dietary intake data were compared with US recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for elderly. Daily energy and protein intakes were lower than the US RDA levels; calcium intake was > 50% of the US RDA, while magnesium and vitamin B6 levels were < 50% of the US RDA. Vitamin C intake was much higher than that of the US RDA. Mean thiamin, vitamin A, riboflavin and iron intakes were below the US RDA, while fiber intake was < 50% of the corresponding US estimate. Phosphorus was higher than the US RDA in men, while lower for women. Sodium intakes exceeded those recommended, while potassium levels were higher than those recommended in males, and lower in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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confidence: 99%

Nutrition status of the elderly in Anogia, Crete, Greece.

Kafatos

Diacatou

Labadarios

et al. 1993

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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“…Bone resorption is a well-documented component of human aging (e.g., Garnet al 1967;Exton-Smith et al 1969) and is likewise observed in rodents (McDonald et al 1986). Further, in a study utilizing sample sizes of ten urban females, ten urban males, ten rural females and ten rural males for each age decade from 20 to >70, concentrations of Pb in certain bones (midfemur and pelvis) were reported by Drasch et al (1987) to reach a plateau in middle-age then to decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in tissue Pb distribution and hematopoietic indices during advanced age

Cory‐Slechta

1990

Arch Toxicol

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The inevitable degenerative processes accompanying advanced age suggest that senescent organisms might exhibit differences in toxicokinetics or an altered manifestation of toxic effects. This hypothesis was tested in the present experiment which compared tissue distribution and hematopoietic indices in groups of adult (8 months) and old male Fischer-344 rats (16 months) exposed to concentrations of 0, 250 or 500 ppm lead (Pb) acetate in drinking water for 7 months. A group of young (weanling) rats was included as a partial comparison. Blood lead (PbB), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid levels were determined after both 3 and 7 months of exposure. Organ weights, tissue Pb concentrations and urinary excretion of Pb, calcium, copper, and zinc were examined after 7 months of exposure. Tissue Pb distribution was markedly altered in old rats: bone and kidney Pb were reduced; liver Pb was substantially increased, even though PbB levels in adult and old rats were comparable at both measurement intervals, as was urinary Pb excretion at 7 months. Pb-induced elevation of ZPPs exhibited differential changes between 3 and 7 months: values in adults declined while levels in old rats increased or remained unchanged. These findings show that the responses of adult rats to Pb do not predict those of older rats and indicate the need for further characterization and elaboration of mechanisms of toxic effects with advanced age.

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“…1) were measured using needle calipers (British Indi cators, Ltd.). To make a valid comparison between the bones of different hands, variations in skeletal size need to be taken into account, which is done by dividing the cross-sectional area (D2-d 2) by the surface area, thus giving a dimensionless ra tio of cortical area to surface area [Exton-Smith et al, 1969b], The difference be tween the ratio of the normal hand and that of the hemiplegic hand is easily calcu lated and thus the degree of bone loss estimated. Grip strength of the hemiplegic hand was graded using a simple scoring method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%