Pattern of Dietary Intake and Physical activity among Obese adults in Rural vs Urban areas in West Bengal: A Cross - Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Unhealthy diet like intake of little or no dietary fibre but excess calorie, saturated fat and dietary salt along with sedentary activities is the prevailing factor behind emerging obesity and other non-communicable lifestyle related diseases in this modern era. Urbanization, industrialization, globalization caused a rapid transition in food habit, style of living and consequent elevated incidences of obesity and related health issues even in rural India. Aims and objectives: To compare the pattern of dietary intake, physical activities and anthropometric parameters as predictors of cardio-metabolic risks between rural and urban obese male adults in selected parts of West Bengal Method: A cross sectional study was done on total 150 obese male [age group- 20-50 years and Body Mass Index (BMI)-25-30kg/m2] randomly selected from both the rural and urban areas of Hooghly district in West Bengal (75- rural and 75-urban). Background information, physical activity and dietary records were collected. Anthropometric parameters like height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and Waist to hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Result: Significant differences (p value <0.05) were found regarding consumption of various food groups (cereals and pulses, fruits, vegetables, animal protein, visible fats and added sugar) and calorie intake between the two geographic areas. 58.7% of urban sample and 52% of rural sample failed to meet the minimum global recommendation for physical activity across all domains (work, travel and recreation). Mean time spent in travel and recreation domains were significantly higher (p value < 0.05) in rural males than urban. Between the both groups, body weight, BMI and WHR were significantly higher (p value < 0.05) in urban subjects than rural ones. WHtR was 0.57 for both groups, which indicates escalated cardio-metabolic risks for both these groups. Conclusion: compared to those urban subjects, rural subjects had better dietary habit or physical activity profile but as regard to healthy lifestyle, both the group is poor and their anthropometric profiles urge to immediate clinical intervention.

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Associated factors, concordance, and trends of obesity: body mass index, abdominal waist, and waist- to-height ratio between 2014 and 2022. Analysis of nine national surveys

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Associated factors, concordance, and trends of obesity: body mass index, abdominal waist, and waist- to-height ratio between 2019 and 2022. Analysis of nine national surveys

“…The bond involving where people live, depending on how far away they are from towns and cities (urban vs rural areas), and excess weight has been examined in several reports under different situations. Researchers in West Bengal looked at food intake, physical activities, and body measurements between overweight rural and city-dwelling male adults, nding signi cant gaps in calories eaten and eating patterns, which were worse for those in urban places (50) . Experts found inequality in rates of abdominal fat build-up existed between urban and rural areas within Malawi, with frequency consistently higher among people residing in city environments over separate survey times, as documented in source thirty-seven (51) .…”