Pattern of eclampsia in a tertiary health facility situated in a semi-rural town in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Background/Objective: To determine the pattern of eclampsia and its contribution to maternal mortality at the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State in Northern Nigeria. Method: A 4-year retrospective review of the case records of all women who presented with eclampsia at the center. All the case records were retrieved from the medical record department and analyzed. Results: There were 207 cases of eclampsia out of 2197 deliveries during the period giving an incidence of 9.42%. 171(82.6%) of the patients were unbooked. Majority (58.5%) of the patients were aged less than 20 years. The highest frequency (78.3%) was recorded in the primigravida. Delay before reaching the hospital was established in 116(56%) of patients. The condition was antepartum in 68(32.9%), intrapartum in 112(54.1%) and postpartum in 27(13%). 107(51.7%) of the patients were delivered by cesarean section. Twenty two (10.6%) of the mothers died. Eclampsia was the commonest cause of maternal mortality and contributed 43.1% of all maternal deaths. 180(87%) of the babies were delivered alive while 27(13%) died. Conclusion: Eclampsia is a major cause of maternal mortality. There is need for health education on the need for patients to avail themselves of antenatal care. Key words: Eclampsia, maternal mortalityRésumé Fond/Objectif: Pour détermine la distribution de l'éclampsie et sa contribution a la mortalité maternelle au centre de santé médical fédéral de Birnin Kudu, état de Jigawa au Nord du Nigeria. Méthodologie: Ceci est une revue rétrospective pendant quatre ans des cas reportes de toutes les femmes qui se sont présentées avec l'éclampsie a ce centre. Tous ces rapports ont été obtenu au département des rapports médicaux et ont été analyses. Résultats: Il y a eu 207 cas d'éclampsie permis 2197 naissances. Ceci donne une incidence de 9.42%. 171 (82.6%) de tous ces patients n'ont pas fait de visite prénatale. La majorité des patients (58.5%) étaient ages de moins de 20 ans. La fréquence la plus élevée (78.3%) a été obtenu parmi les primigravid. Le retard avant de se présenter au centre de santé a été étable chez 116 (56%) des patients. La condition était prénatale chez 68 (32.9%), intra natale chez 112 (54.1%) et postnatale chez 27 (13%). Chez 107 (51.7%) patients, l'accouchement s'est fait par caesarienne. 22 (10.6%) de maman étaient decedees. L'éclampsie était la cause de la mortalité maternelle la plus élevée et a contribue a 43.1% de tous les décès maternels. 180(87%) bébés sont nés vivant alois que 27(13%) étaient mort nes. Conclusion: L'éclampsie est la cause majeure de la mortalité maternelle. Les patients ont besoin d'être éduques et aussi d'aller aux visites prénatales.

A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

“…The incidence of PE in unregistered cases was 38.70% and eclampsia was 14.51% which was comparable with the findings of Sudarsan et al and Tukur et al in their studies. 13,14 66 cases in our study, were conceived by ART of which 12.12% developed eclampsia, 45.45% developed PE. Studies on this regard are very limited and could not be compared.…”

Attrition from care after the critical phase of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: Insights from an intervention with magnesium sulphate in a primary care setting in northern Nigeria

“…Facility-based studies in Kano and Jigawa States of Nigeria estimate eclampsia's contribution to maternal death as 31.1% and 46.1% respectively [5,6]. These observations were corroborated by findings from other parts of the country where mortality patterns associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were investigated.…”

Eclampsia and Pregnancy Outcome at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

“…The reported incidence of eclampsia was 1.6% in Jos [6], 1.2% in Kano [7], 4.29% in Sokoto [8], 5.7% in Nguru [9], 0.91% in Nnewi [10], 0.80% in Aba [11], 2.52% in Irrua [12], 0.91% in Ile-Ife [13].…”

“…Eclampsia contributes 31.3% -43.1% to maternal death in the Northern part of the country with maternal mortality ratio of 1,200 per 100,000 live births [9,18], whereas in the South West and Niger-Delta region of the country with much lower MMR of 500/ 100,000 live births, eclampsia accounts for 27.5% to 40% of deaths [19]. The high maternal morbidity and mortality associated with this condition in this environment result from low utilization of health facilities and the poor quality of antenatal care in most of the referring health facilities.…”