“…In order to monitor ovarian activity and from this to infer reproductive status, we measured urinary oestrone-3-conjugates (E1C). This group of oestrone conjugates provides a reliable indicator of ovarian cyclicity, conception and pregnancy maintenance in the common marmoset (Eastman et al, 1984;Harlow et al, 1984;Hodges et al, 1983) as well as in the Goeldi's monkey (Carroll et al, 1989(Carroll et al, , 1990Pryce et al, 1993;Ziegler et al, 1990). Cortisol was measured to monitor activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and in an attempt to quantify stress related to social instability, particularly during the formation of trios.…”