Pattern of Flower and Pod Development in Rapeseed

McGREGOR, D. I.

doi:10.4141/cjps81-040

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Brassica spp. produce many more flowers than ultimately become fertile pods and depending on the growing conditions, the fraction of flowers that sets fertile pods changes (McGregor 1981). Brassica spp.…”

Section: Seed Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains

Miller¹,

Angadi²,

Androsoff³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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[1996][1997][1998]. All entries were managed with three levels of N fertility at each site. Plant height for the canola-quality B. juncea breeding line J904316 was 21% greater than the mean of the other genotypes, but shoot biomass did not differ for the same comparison. Cutlass Oriental mustard consistently yielded greatest across all environments while the yield of J904316 was highly variable among environments. The mean seed yield of Cutlass was 12% greater than the highest-yielding B. napus cultivar and 32% greater than the B. rapa cultivar, and had a greater harvest index. Earlier genotypes yielded greater than late-flowering and maturing genotypes within B. juncea and B. napus, but the earliest genotype, Maverick (B. rapa), yielded lower than all other genotypes. All Brassica spp. genotypes were responsive to N fertilization, and high total available N (average = 109, range = 91 to 131 kg N ha -1 ) was generally required to maximize seed yield, but not shoot biomass, under the conditions of this study. Pod density was the primary yield component influenced by N level. This study illustrates the potential adaptive advantage of B. juncea on the semiarid northern Great Plains. dans onze milieux répartis sur deux degrés de latitude et de longitude, dans le sud de la Saskatchewan. Trois programmes d'amendement azoté ont été utilisés à chaque site. La lignée J904316, de qualité canola, de B. juncea a donné des plants dont la hauteur dépassait la moyenne des autres génotypes de 21 %, mais la biomasse des pousses était la même. La moutarde joncée Cutlass a toujours donné le meilleur rendement, peu importe l'environnement, alors que le rendement de J904316 a considérablement varié avec le milieu. Le rendement grainier moyen de Cutlass dépassait le rendement du meilleur cultivar de B. napus de 12 % et celui du cultivar de B. rapa de 32 %. Son indice de moisson était également supérieur. Les génotypes précoces donnent un meilleur rendement que ceux à floraison et à maturation tardives de B. juncea et de B. napus, mais Maverick (B. rapa), le génotype le plus hâtif, avait un rendement inférieur aux autres. Tous les génotypes du genre Brassica réagissent aux engrais azotés et il faut généralement une forte concentration de N disponible (moyenne = 109, intervalle de 91 à 131 kg de N par hectare) pour obtenir le meilleur rendement grainier, mais pas la plus forte biomasse des pousses, dans les conditions de l'étude. La densité des gousses est le principal paramètre du rendement à être influencé par la teneur en N. L'étude met en relief la capacité d'adaptation de B. juncea dans la région semi-aride du nord des grandes plaines.

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Section: Seed Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains

Miller¹,

Angadi²,

Androsoff³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Canola grown in Saskatchewan generally suffers from abiotic stresses between flowering and pod formation stages (Brandt and McGregor 1997). There are differences in patterns of reproductive growth among Brassica species (Thurling 1974;McGregor 1981 For personal use only. the critical stage for heat stress, the nature of the heat injury and ability to recover from heat stress will help in making management decisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth

Angadi¹,

Cutforth²,

Miller³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

243

193

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Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 693-701. The effect of short periods of high temperature stress on the reproductive development and yield of three Brassica species were studied in a growth chamber experiment conducted for 2 yr. Two genotypes from Brassica juncea L. and one each from B. napus L. and B. rapa L. were grown under day/night temperatures of 20/15°C till early flowering or early pod development, subjected to high temperature stress of 28/15°C or 35/15°C for 7 d and then allowed to recover at 20/15°C. Species differed in optimum temperatures, with B. juncea and B. rapa having higher optimum temperature than B. napus. Dry matter was unaffected by moderate temperature stress, while it was reduced by high temperature stress. The 35/15°C treatment was injurious to reproductive organs at different developmental stages of all three species. High temperatures at flowering affected yield formation more than high temperature at pod development. On the main stem, mean seed yield reduction due to heat stress was 89%, but partial compensation by pods on the branches reduced mean per-plant seed yield decrease to 52%. Reduction in fertile pods (not total pod number), thousand seed weight and seeds per pod were responsible for the reduced seed yield. Brassica rapa was more sensitive to heat stress than B. napus and B. juncea. Although observation did not indicate the exact developmental phase when the reproductive organs were susceptible to heat stress, pods that passed a critical threshold developmental phase tolerated heat stress, which explained the smaller effect of high temperature stress at pod development. A direct temperature effect on reproductive organs appeared to be responsible for the reduction in yield. All genotypes began to recover from the stress by continuing flowering after returning to 20/15°C. Brassica napus was least able to recover from severe stress at flowering, as evidenced by the formation of many abnormal pods during recovery. Per-plant yield response of canola-quality B. juncea line J90-4316 was similar to oriental mustard Cutlass. Thus, heat stress effect depends on the growth stage of canola and mustard and Brassica species differ in heat stress response. napus. La production de matière sèche ne souffrait pas d'un stress thermique modéré (28°C), mais elle était réduite en présence d'un stress élevé (35°C). Chez les 3 espèces, le régime 35°/15°C avait des effets néfastes sur les organes de reproduction à divers stades de leur formation. Des hautes températures à la floraison nuisaient davantage au rendement que quand elles survenaient lors de la formation des siliques. Sur la tige principale, la diminution moyenne de rendement grainier résultant d'un stress thermique était de 89 %, mais pour l'ensemble de la plante, elle n'était que de 52 %, grâce à une compensation partielle opérée par les ramifications. Le manque à produire résultait de la diminution du nombre de siliques fertiles (pas du nombre total de si...

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“…Abortion of flowers, ovules and seeds is a natural process in Brassica species, and is most prevalent in the distal reproductive sites of the earlier racemes and on the lower axillary branches (Tayo & Morgan, 1975 ;McGregor, 1981). However, there is growing evidence that reproductive structures such as flower buds, open flowers, pods, ovules and developing seeds are sensitive to ozone (Tables 3, 4).…”

Section: Effects On Seed and Fruit Yield And Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…initials fail to develop to the point of flower opening (McGregor, 1981). However, oilseed rape, and other species with indeterminate reproductive habits, are able to compensate for losses of floral sites during early reproductive development resulting from herbivory (Winfield, 1962 ;McGregor, 1981) or abiotic stresses such as ozone, by retaining a larger proportion of the remaining sites to maturity.…”

Section:         mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, oilseed rape, and other species with indeterminate reproductive habits, are able to compensate for losses of floral sites during early reproductive development resulting from herbivory (Winfield, 1962 ;McGregor, 1981) or abiotic stresses such as ozone, by retaining a larger proportion of the remaining sites to maturity. Its extended reproductive period also allows additional floral sites to be produced as a result of increases in both raceme length and the number of raceme branches (Bosac et al, 1994 ; Table 6).…”

Section:         mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tansley Review No. 115

et al. 2000

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Sexual reproductive development is a crucial stage in the life cycle of higher plants as any impairment of the processes involved might have significant implications for the productivity of crop plants and the survival of native species. There is considerable evidence that exposure to ozone, even at current ambient levels in many industrialized countries, reduces grain and fruit yields and adversely affects yield quality. It is also well established that sensitivity to ozone may differ not only between species, but also between cultivars and populations of individual species, and that the impact of exposure is highly dependent on ozone concentration and the duration and timing of exposure. However, few studies have attempted to distinguish between the direct effects of air pollutants on reproductive development, and indirect effects mediated by injury to the vegetative organs and associated changes in the supply of assimilates and other essential resources to support reproductive growth, or the levels of endogenous growth regulators. This review considers the impact of ozone on the reproductive biology of agricultural and native species, and examines its direct effects on specific reproductive processes. The extent to which compensatory responses redress the adverse effects of exposure is also explored, with particular reference to recent studies of Brassica napus (oilseed rape), Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants), Plantago major (greater plantain) and Triticum aestivum (wheat).

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Pattern of Flower and Pod Development in Rapeseed

Cited by 54 publications

References 1 publication

Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains

Comparing Brassica oilseed crop productivity under contrasting N fertility regimes in the semiarid northern Great Plains

Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth

Tansley Review No. 115

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