Pattern of kidney diseases in Northern India: an overview through histopathological findings in biopsy-proven cases

Abstract

Background A kidney biopsy is being increasingly performed for the diagnosis of renal diseases. It is a reasonably safe procedure that helps not only to reach the correct diagnosis based on histopathological findings but also helps in predicting the clinical course and outcome. The pattern of kidney diseases varies not only in far apart geographical regions but also in the same country. This study was done to evaluate the demographic pattern and spectrum of kidney diseases in renal biopsy-proven cases in an admitted patient of a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Results The mean age of patients was 41.3 years ± 18.39 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. The most common indication for biopsy in this study was nephrotic syndrome (40.5%). The primary glomerular disease was most common, accounting for 57.5% of cases. Membranous nephropathy (MN) was the most frequently observed histopathological diagnosis not only in the primary glomerular disease category (22.9%) but of all cases (13.2%) as well. Among secondary cases, diabetic nephropathy was most frequent, constituting 43.4% cases. Interstitial and vascular diseases accounted for 18.8% and 1.8% of total cases, respectively. While minimal change disease (MCD) was the most common diagnosis in < 18-year age group, membranous nephropathy was most common above this age. Regarding the gender factor, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis had an equal distribution among both genders, while MCD had a female preponderance. Conclusions Primary glomerular disease is the predominant kidney disease in northern India with MN being the most common histopathological diagnosis. The spectrum of kidney diseases varied with patient’s age and gender.

Prevalence of renal pathological disorders in kidney transplant recipients: an observational study in the north of Iran

“…Furthermore, most of the transplant recipients were male, and all the transplanted kidneys were received from living donors, which was different from the present study (20). In Kuma's study, the average age was about 42 years, and female recipients were more than males (21). In the study by Alkindi et al, the average age of the recipients was about 44 years, most of the transplant recipients were men, and more than 70% of the transplanted kidneys were received from non-living donors (22).…”

Exploring hospital practice types and their impact on glomerular pathologic patterns: Insights from the largest kidney biopsy cohort in Thailand

“…17 as those undergoing kidney biopsies for any indications, in countries such as India, Nepal, Korea, Japan, and Belgium. 7,8,18,19 MCD/IgMN was the most observed pathologic pattern in patients presenting with NS, except in the UVH practice, where FSGS was the predominant finding. The registry conducted at one of the largest university-based hospitals in Thailand, involving 3275 kidney biopsies, revealed that IgMN accounted for most primary glomerulopathy diagnoses (n = 986, 46%).…”

“…As a result, they tend to allocate their limited resources towards diagnosing patients with advanced diseases, necessitating more judicious utilization of diagnostic procedures. IgAN emerges as the most prevalent pathological diagnosis in patients presenting with asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, as well as those undergoing kidney biopsies for any indications, in countries such as India, Nepal, Korea, Japan, and Belgium 7,8,18,19 …”

“…Numerous kidney biopsy registry studies have been conducted to assess the epidemiology of pathologic findings and indications for kidney biopsy 6–9 . These studies have shed light on the diverse patterns of glomerulonephritis (GN) observed in different geographic regions.…”

“…1 Numerous kidney biopsy registry studies have been conducted to assess the epidemiology of pathologic findings and indications for kidney biopsy. [6][7][8][9] These studies have shed light on the diverse patterns of glomerulonephritis (GN) observed in different geographic regions. These variations may be influenced by factors such as age, race, environmental conditions, genetic predisposition, and socioeconomic factors.…”