Pattern of lymphatic drainage to the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients

Canavese, Giuseppe; Gipponi, Marco; Catturich, A.; Somma, C. Di; Vecchio, C; Rosato, Francesco; Tomei, Daniela; Nicoló, Guido; Carli, Franca; Villa, Giuseppe; Agnese, Giuseppe; Bianchi, Paolo Pietro; Buffoni, Ferdinando; Mariani, Giuliano; Badellino, F

doi:10.1002/1096-9098(200005)74:1<69::aid-jso15>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The same agent cannot be used in the same experiment because we would not be able to differentiate the two agents. Concordance rate calculations would be uninterpretable (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palpable Breast Carcinomas: A Hypothesis for Clinically Relevant Lymphatic Drainage in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Chao¹,

Edwards²,

Abell

et al. 2003

Breast Journal

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Previous studies have shown that independent of tumor size, palpable breast tumors have a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis compared with nonpalpable tumors. This study further examines this phenomenon using a large sentinel lymph node (SLN) database. Data from a prospective, institutional review board (IRB)-approved, multi-institutional study from the University of Louisville Breast Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Study Group was used. From August 1997 through December 2001, 3192 patients with clinical T1 and T2 N0 breast cancer underwent SLN biopsy, most with a combined technique of radioactive colloid and blue dye, followed by level I/II axillary dissection. Patients with palpable tumors tended to be younger (mean age 58 years) compared with nonpalpable tumors (mean age 61 years). The incidence of positive axillary metastasis was significant between palpable and nonpalpable tumors (43% and 23%, respectively), independent of tumor size by logistic regression (p = 0.0001). The SLN identification rate was significantly different between palpable and nonpalpable tumors (95% versus 91%, respectively; p < 0.0001). A unifying theory to explain the phenomenon that palpable tumors, stage for stage, are associated with a higher rate of nodal metastasis is that palpable tumors are, on average, closer to the skin and the rich network of dermal lymphatics. We believe that the dermal lymphatics of the breast represent a clinically relevant metastatic pathway to the axilla.

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“…The same agent cannot be used in the same experiment because we would not be able to differentiate the two agents. Concordance rate calculations would be uninterpretable (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palpable Breast Carcinomas: A Hypothesis for Clinically Relevant Lymphatic Drainage in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Chao¹,

Edwards²,

Abell

et al. 2003

Breast Journal

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“…Both deep and superficial injection techniques have been shown to be reliable for SN visualization in breast cancer. However extra axillary SNs are mainly visualized by intra- or peritumoral injection, whereas more axillary SNs are visualized by subcutaneous techniques [19]. A recent study of lymphatic anatomy on cadavers supports deep injection techniques [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolymphoscintigraphy for Metastatic Sentinel Nodes: Test of a Model

Chakera

Nielsen

Madsen

et al. 2011

International Journal of Molecular Imaging

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Aim. To develop a method and obtain proof-of-principle for immunolymphoscintigraphy for identification of metastatic sentinel nodes. Methods. We selected one of four tumour-specific antibodies against human breast cancer and investigated (1), in immune-deficient (nude) mice with xenograft human breast cancer expressing the antigen if specific binding of the intratumorally injected, radioactively labelled, monoclonal antibody could be scintigraphically visualized, and (2) transportation to and retention in regional lymph nodes of the radioactively labelled antibody after subcutaneous injection in healthy rabbits. Results and Conclusion. Our paper suggests the theoretical possibility of a model of dual isotope immuno-lymphoscintigraphy for noninvasive, preoperative, malignant sentinel node imaging.

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“…Ungenaue Ergebnisse durch Drainage der Tumoren in den verschiedenen Quadranten zu unterschiedlichen SNs wurden befürchtet [7]. Aufgrund der Studien von Borgstein et al und Klimberg et al erschien jedoch die Anwendung bei dieser Patientengruppe Erfolg versprechend [4,19].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Ziel e der chirurgischen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms stellen einerseits die lokoregionale Tumorkontrolle und andererseits die Stadienerfassung dar, wobei dem regionären Lymphknotenstatus aufgrund seiner prognostischen Bedeutung und der daraus folgenden Indikation für systemische adjuvante Therapiemaßnahmen ein besonderer Stellenwert zukommt [7]. Mit der Axilladissektion in Level I und II kann der Lymphknotenstatus exakt erfasst und regionäre Rezidive zu einem hohen Prozentsatz vermieden werden, allerdings um den Preis einer doch erheblichen Morbidität [34].…”

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Klinische Wertigkeit und zuk�nftige Aspekte der "Sentinel Node Biopsy" beim Mammakarzinom

et al. 2003

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Our experience shows SNB to be reliable and accurate for axillary staging in breast cancer patients. Morbidity after SNB alone was low. Conclusive data on the local recurrence rate are not yet available. Under certain conditions, SNB appears to have future clinical potential, even in patients with PC and MC, which must be confirmed in further multicentric studies. In the meantime, this method has attained definite value in the surgical therapy of breast cancer patients.

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Pattern of lymphatic drainage to the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Palpable Breast Carcinomas: A Hypothesis for Clinically Relevant Lymphatic Drainage in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Palpable Breast Carcinomas: A Hypothesis for Clinically Relevant Lymphatic Drainage in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Immunolymphoscintigraphy for Metastatic Sentinel Nodes: Test of a Model

Klinische Wertigkeit und zuk�nftige Aspekte der "Sentinel Node Biopsy" beim Mammakarzinom

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