Pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Central Kerala - A comparison between the Pre-COVID and COVID periods

Philip, G; Dominic, Shiney; T, Anish Poorna; Ek, Joshna

doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.09.021

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In our study, most of the injuries reported due to RTAs, have common presentation with fractured mandible or lower jaw (13). Mandibular fractures account for 57.2% of maxillofacial injuries followed by zygomatic bone, which is consistent with previous findings (14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road traffic Accident During Covid-19

Awais

Rasool²,

Shehzadi³

2022

Pak Euro. J. Med & LS

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Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries presented at department of oral & maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during COVID- 19 pandemic. Determining patterns of occurrence of maxillofacial trauma and etiology can improve early diagnosis and treatment, thereby can decrease percentage of morbidity and mortality associated with these fractures. Place and duration; Sample data was collected from Department of OMFS, Mayo hospital, during January 2021 till December 2021. Methodology: (n=263) patients with confirmed diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma participated in this research. Record of all patients including sex, age, cause of road traffic accidents, radiograph, fracture site, vehicle type, use of seat belts/helmets, time to reach the hospital, and other safety devices were reviewed and evaluated. Results: There were (n=299, 57.27%) mandibular, (n=102, 19.50 %) zygomatic, (n=100, 19.10 %) maxillary, (n=12, 2.29 %) nasal, and (n=9, 1.70 %) frontal injuries. Maxillofacial trauma was more prevalent in males (87%) than in females (13%) and was commonly seen in young age groups (21-30 years). Two-wheelers (motorcycle) was the vehicle used in most of the cases reported (68.4 %) and major cause of RTA was inattentiveness to traffic rules (31.9 %). In road traffic accidents, mandible (57.27%) is the most common fractured bone, followed by Zygomatic Bone fracture. Conclusion: It is concluded that maxillofacial injuries in males (20 to 30 years) of age range were more prevalent and are observed mostly in mandibular bones. Although cases reported was less in number when compared to previous data, but pattern of fractured facial bones were more or less same.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road traffic Accident During Covid-19

Awais

Rasool²,

Shehzadi³

2022

Pak Euro. J. Med & LS

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“…As a consequence of this management, an important decrease in maxillofacial trauma in terms of incidence has been widely reported and described in international literature. [1][2][3][4][5] Moreover, elective surgery, and with it also maxillofacial one, has been gradually reduced nationwide in order to keep services operational without putting both healthcare professionals and patients at risk despite the assistance activity relating to traumatology and oncology has been guaranteed. [6][7][8] The purpose of this retrospective study is to analyze the management of maxillofacial trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic period at ''San Salvatore Hospital'' of L'Aquila and compare results with two different two-year periods, respectively, 2015-2016; 2017-2018 focusing our attention on incidence, age, gender, and etiology.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These last measures have not only affected Italy but most of the nations in the world. As a consequence of this management, an important decrease in maxillofacial trauma in terms of incidence has been widely reported and described in international literature 1–5 . Moreover, elective surgery, and with it also maxillofacial one, has been gradually reduced nationwide in order to keep services operational without putting both healthcare professionals and patients at risk despite the assistance activity relating to traumatology and oncology has been guaranteed 6–8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of COVID19 on Maxillofacial Fractures in the Province of L’Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. Review of 296 Patients Treated With Statistical Comparison of the Two-Year Pre-COVID19 and COVID19

Giovannetti

Lupi

Giorgio

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in a regional trauma center in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy, during the first wave of the pandemic and comparted it to an equivalent period from 2015 to 2018. The authorshave retrospectively analyzed personal data, site of trauma, etiology, and mechanism of injury. Statistical analysis has been carried out utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and significance was accepted for P values of <0.05. From January 2015 to December 2020, a total of 296 were analyzed. In Pre-COVID era, 195 patients were evaluated, 130 males (66.6%) and 65 females (33.4%). Zygomatic-malar complex fractures were the most common site of trauma in both genders (53%), followed by mandibular fractures (23%) and orbital ones (15%). The highest incidences of injuries were recorded between 15 and 34 years (21%) with the most common etiology attributed to road accidents traumas (49%). In COVID19 era, the authors recorded 101 traumas, 58 males (57.4%), 43 females (42.6%). Zygomatic-malar complex fractures were confirmed as the most common ones in both genders (41%). The most common etiology was related to casual domestic accident and assaults (37% and 30%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of incidence in the comparison of Pre-COVID19 and COVID19 periods (P > 0.05) as opposed to the etiology in which the road traffic accidents decreased in favor of domestic accidents and interpersonal assaults (P < 0.05). Our scientific study represents the first epidemiologic study related to the impact of COVID-19 on maxillo-facial trauma in the Province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. A decrease in the number of Maxillofacial injuries related to road traffic accidents can be demonstrated as the benefit of lockdown, however, a significant increase in the number of physical assaults shows how isolation and restrictions have had a highly negative psychological impact on society.

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“…False negatives due to SARS-CoV-2 mutations, or poor collection, transport, or handling are also possible [ 11 ]. After reviewing the literature, we found that many other studies monotonously focused on facial trauma epidemiology during the pandemic [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case–control study concerning SARS-CoV-2-OSC in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with OWF-PNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is orbital wall fracture associated with SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients?

et al. 2022

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Objectives To assess the relationship between orbital wall fractures connecting to paranasal sinuses (OWF-PNS) and SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination (SARS-CoV-2-OSC) in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a prospective case–control study enrolling two asymptomatic COVID-19 patient cohorts with vs. without OWF-PNS in the case–control ratio of 1:4. All subjects were treated in a German level 1 trauma center during a one-year interval. The main predictor variable was the presence of OWF-PNS (case/control); cases with preoperative conjunctival positivity of SARS-CoV-2 were excluded to rule out the possibility of viral dissemination via the lacrimal gland and/or the nasolacrimal system. The main outcome variable was laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-OSC (yes/no). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed with a statistically significant P ≤ 0.05. Results The samples comprised 11 cases and 44 controls (overall: 27.3% females; mean age, 52.7 ± 20.3 years [range, 19–85]). There was a significant association between OWF-PNS and SARS-CoV-2-OSC (P = 0.0001; odds ratio = 20.8; 95% confidence interval = 4.11–105.2; R-squared = 0.38; accuracy = 85.5%), regardless of orbital fracture location (orbital floor vs. medial wall versus both; P = 1.0). Conclusions Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with OWF-PNS are associated with a considerable and almost 21-fold increase in the risk of SARS-CoV-2-OSC, in comparison with those without facial fracture. This could suggest that OWF-PNS is the viral source, requiring particular attention during manipulation of ocular/orbital tissue to prevent viral transmission.

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Pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Central Kerala - A comparison between the Pre-COVID and COVID periods

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road traffic Accident During Covid-19

Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road traffic Accident During Covid-19

Impact of COVID19 on Maxillofacial Fractures in the Province of L’Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy. Review of 296 Patients Treated With Statistical Comparison of the Two-Year Pre-COVID19 and COVID19

Is orbital wall fracture associated with SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients?

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