Pattern of otitis externa in Kaduna Nigeria

Abstract

IntroductionOtitis externa (OE) is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both this condition has been reported to be found in all age groups. The aims and objectives were, study/determine the prevalence of Otitis externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, study the pattern of presentation among patients with otitis externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, and evaluate the choice of drug treatment for otitis externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna.MethodsData of patients diagnosed with otitis externa between January 2009 and March 2013 were extracted from the recorded cases of ear disease seen within the same period. The ages, sex/ gender, complains(symptoms), duration of symptoms, clinical examination findings, diagnosis, mode of drug treatment, number of visits and complication records were extracted from the case notes of the patients and analyzed descriptively using SPSS (Statistical package for Social Sciences) version.ResultsOut of 13,328 cases of ear diseases seen within the period under review, 133 cases were diagnosed with otitis externa across all age groups. Hospital prevalence stands at 1.0%. There were 81(60.9%) males and 52(39.1%) females in ratio 1.5:1. Children age 0-15 constitute 55(41.3%) while young adults and adults were 78(58.6%). The minimum age at presentation was one year, while maximum age was 64 years. Mean age was 24 years with a standard deviation of ± 1.12 Years. Ear pain as only presenting symptom was the major complain found in this study accounting for 68(51.1%). Acute diffuse otitis externa was the commonest diagnosis accounting for 101(75.9%) and associated clinical findings ranging from tragal tenderness, hyperaemia and oedema of ear canal in 57 (54.9%). Ear swab was not routinely done and only 6(15.8%) of the discharging ears had microscopy done and the organisms were Pseudomonas spp and klebsiella. Empirical treatment was the commonest treatment modality and about 91% of the patients had complete symptom resolution by second visit. Complication was observed in only one case of necrotizing otitis externa who was retro-viral positive.ConclusionOtitis externa accounted for small fraction of cases seen in our clinic (1%). Acute diffuse otitis externa is the commonest diagnosis made with symptoms ranging from ear pain, ear discharge, hearing loss and itchiness. Most patients were treated empirically with significant success within first two visits. No major complication was recorded within the period under study.

Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

“…More recent studies from Jordan and other Middle Eastern Arab countries have shown that P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens were commonly Multidrug Resistant (MDR) to many frequently used antibiotics in clinical medicines such as amikacin, aztreonam, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam and ciprofloxacin, while they were mostly susceptible to imipenem, ceftazidime and colistin B [6 -9]. Many studies have recommended treating patients with colistin B, gentamicin or ciprofloxacin topical preparations as the first-line treatment of otitis externa [2,5,10].…”

Antibacterial susceptibility spectrum of some gram negative bacteria from suspected Otitis media patients

“…This variation in its prevalence is attributable to the large number of patients investigated in contrast to that reported for this study. Pseudomonas sp and Klebsiella sp have also been isolated among patients with otitis externa in a recent study from the same clinic (Musa et al, 2015).…”

“…Most cases in northern Nigeria involve prescription of antibiotics empirically to patients with OM in outpatient clinics or patent medicine stores without microbiologic evaluation (Musa et al, Bemu et al, 2015). The National Ear Care Centre Kaduna established to treat cases of OM patients in both rural and urban areas.…”

Karakteristik kasus otitis eksterna di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode April 2015-April 2016

“…Pada studi ini tidak dijelaskan alasan prevalensi laki-laki lebih banyak. 7,8 Perbedaan proporsi berdasarkan jenis kelamin juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbandingan jumlah laki-laki dan perempuan pada suatu populasi. Apabila jumlah salah satu jenis kelamin memang jauh lebih banyak pada populasi tersebut, maka memungkinkan proporsi OE berdasarkan jenis kelamin nampak cenderung di dominasi oleh jenis kelamin tersebut.…”

“…Kelompok usia ini dikaitkan dengan kebiasaan mereka untuk melakukan pembersihan telinga secara berlebihan dan dengan cara yang lebih kasar dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia lain sehingga menimbulkan peningkatan risiko trauma liang telinga akibat pembersihan telinga. 4,5,8 Gejala klinis tersering adalah nyeri, disusul dengan telinga berair. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Hui yang menemukan bahwa 70% dari penderita OE memiliki keluhan nyeri pada telinga/ otalgia.…”