Pattern of refractive errors among the Nepalese population: a retrospective study

Shrestha, Sujita; Bhat, Krishna; Binu, V S; Barthakur, Rimli; Natarajan, Maya; Subba, S.H.

doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v2i2.3714

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…17 Similar results showing myopia as the most common refractive error (68.2%) followed by hypermetropia (27.4%) was 6666seen in a study done in seen in a study done in Nepal medical college. 13 Similar preponderance of myopia over hypermetropia was seen in a study done on school children in Nepal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Similar findings showing most common ethnic groups as Brahmins, Gurungs, Newars were seen in a study in Pokhara. 17 Similar predominance of Brahmins and newars over other ethnic groups were seen in a study by KJD in Kathmandu. 21 Myopic astigmatism was more common than hypermetropic astigmatism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…13 A study in Pokhara also showed myopia mostly in age group 15-24 and hypermetropia in age group in age group 55-65. 17 In our study, both myopia and hypermetropia were more common among females. But in other studies showed myopia more common in males and hypermetropia in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

Taludhar

Dhakal

2013

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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INTRODUCTION: Refractive error is one of the causes of avoidable blindness. Myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism are the common types of refractive error. Not many studies are done to detect pattern of refractive error in Western Nepal. So, the study will determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of all consecutive patients of age less than 40 years who visited eye department, Gandaki Medical College, between May 2010 and May 2011 was conducted. Visual acuity, naked eye and pin hole examination was done by ophthalmic assistant with cycloplegic refraction when needed. Those who did not turn up for refraction were excluded from the study.RESULTS: A total of 601 patients were seen within the study period. Mean age of male patients was 22.4 years ±0.6 (95% CI, 21.2-23.6 years) and mean age of female patients was 24.2 years ±0.5 (95% CI, 23.2-25.2 years). Majority of the patients were in age group 11-20 years (39.3%). Myopia was the most common refractive error (43.3%) followed by simple myopic astigmatism (23.8%). Refractive errors were more common in females.CONCLUSIONS: Myopia was the commonest refractive compared to hypermetropia. Refractive error was more common in females than in males. Such studies help to know the picture of refractive errors in community and such reports are helpful in planning programme to prevent avoidable blindness

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

Taludhar

Dhakal

2013

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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“…However, more myopia has also been reported among males (Shrestha et al. ), and some studies have observed no gender differences (Rezvan et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progression of myopia from its onset at age 8–12 to adulthood and the influence of heredity and external factors on myopic progression. A 23‐year follow‐up study

Pärssinen

Kauppinen

Viljanen

2014

Acta Ophthalmologica

117

124

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine myopic progression and factors connected with myopic progression. Methods: Myopic schoolchildren, with no previous spectacles, 119 boys and 121 girls, were recruited during 1983-1984 to a randomized 3-year clinical trial of bifocal treatment of myopia with a subsequent 20-year follow-up. Participants' mean age at Baseline was 10.9, ranging from 8.7 to 12.8 years. An ophthalmological examination was carried out annually for 3 years and twice thereafter at ca. 10-year intervals. Additional refraction values were received from prescriptions issued by different ophthalmologists and opticians. Altogether, 1915 refraction values were available. Reading distance and accommodation were measured at each control visit. Data on parents' myopia, daily time spent on reading and close work, outdoor activities and watching television were gathered with a structured questionnaire. Results: Using bifocals (+1.75 add) or reading without glasses or accommodation stimulus during the 3-year period in childhood did not correlate with adulthood refraction. Short reading distance in childhood predicted higher adulthood myopia among females. The factors predicting faster myopic progression were parents' myopia and less time spent on sports and outdoor activities at childhood. Time spent on reading and close work in childhood was related to myopic progression during the first 3 years but did not predict adulthood myopia. Myopia throughout follow-up was higher among those who watched television <3 hr daily than those who spent more time watching television. Mean myopic progression 8 years after age 20-24 was À0.45 D AE 0.71 (SD), and in 45% of cases, progression was ≥0.5 D. Conclusions: In nearly half of the cases, myopia beginning at school continued to progress into adulthood. Higher adulthood myopia was mainly related to parents' myopia and less time spent on sports and outdoor activities in childhood.

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“…Among these school children, 450 were male and 397 were female. The screening is based on the Indiana school vision screening guideline [1][2][3] . Children unwilling to participate or absent during our visit were excluded from our study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular morbidity in school children in eastern region of Nepal

Dhungana

2017

J. Kathmandu Med. Coll.

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Background: Childhood blindness is a priority area because of the number of years of blindness that ensues. Data on the prevalence and causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children are needed for planning and evaluating preventive and curative services for children. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children in eastern Nepal. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate ocular status of primary school children in six government schools of the eastern region of Nepal. A complete eye examination was carried out in all children including slit lamp examination, fundus examination, retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel. The screening is based on the Indiana school vision screening guideline. Results: A total of 847 children were examined in visits. The mean age of study population was 10.25 years. Among them 450 were males and 397 were females. The results showed that 12.05% of the total students had ocular and visual morbidities. Refractive error was found to be the commonest abnormality (62%) in school children. The commonest type of refractive error found in the study was myopia followed by hyperopia. Alternate divergent squint is the commonest type of strabismus. Other abnormalities found were BSV (binocular single vision) abnormalities, amblyopia and conjunctival disorder. Conclusion:The vision screening program has proved to be very helpful in early detection, diagnosis, referral and management of ocular morbidities in school children. The results of the study strongly suggest that screening of school children for ocular problems should be done at regular intervals and it should be one of the prime components of school health program.

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Pattern of refractive errors among the Nepalese population: a retrospective study

Abstract: Refractive errors progressively shift along myopia up to the third decade and change to hypermetropia till the seventh decade. Hyperopic shift in the refractive error in young adults should be well noted while planning any refractive surgery in younger patients with myopia.

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

Refractive Error Profile in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal

The progression of myopia from its onset at age 8–12 to adulthood and the influence of heredity and external factors on myopic progression. A 23‐year follow‐up study

Ocular morbidity in school children in eastern region of Nepal

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