Pattern of Resource Allocation of Six Plantago Species with Different Breeding Systems

Sharma, Namrata; Koul, A. K.; Kaul, Veenu

doi:10.1007/pl00013850

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These changes would have been equally important, however, as long-lived perennials should allocate more resources to tissue maintenance, whereas short-lived annuals should allocate more resources to reproduction. A few studies (Pitelka 1977;Abrahamson 1979;Primack 1979;Sharma et al 1999) support the notion that a shift in resource allocation accompanies the transition between annuality and perenniality, but these studies are based on biomass measurements and provide limited information about how the energy invested into a particular tissue is being spent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Differences in tissue concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the roots and cotyledons of annual and perennial species of flax (Linum)

BrownJason

MarshallKatie

StaplesJames

2012

Botany

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Short-lived annuals should allocate more resources towards reproduction, whereas long-lived perennials should allocate more resources towards tissue maintenance. Although ecological data support this hypothesis, no studies have examined the physiological basis for lifespan differences between annuals and perennials. Based on the oxidative theory of aging, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels should be lower in perennating tissues (e.g., basal roots) -but not nonperennating tissues (e.g., cotyledons) -from perennials compared with annuals. We tested this prediction using two annual and two perennial species of flax (Linum). As predicted, H 2 O 2 concentrations were lower in roots from perennials than from annuals, reflecting higher catalase activity in roots from perennials. In cotyledons, contrary to our predictions, H 2 O 2 concentrations were actually higher in perennials than in annuals, despite higher catalase activity in perennials as well, likely reflecting higher H 2 O 2 production via peroxisomes and chloroplasts. Therefore, we propose that, consistent with the oxidative theory of aging, perennial flax species have a lower oxidative burden in their roots, but this comes at the cost of a greater oxidative burden in their shoots. As we demonstrate, perenniality is ancestral in Linum, and so derivation of the annual condition likely involved a physiological shift towards a more equitable oxidative burden between roots and shoots.Résumé : Les espèces de plantes annuelles à courte durée de vie allouent plus de ressources à la reproduction, alors que les espèces pérennes à longue durée de vie devraient allouer plus de ressources vers le maintient des tissus. Alors que les données écologiques supportent cette hypothèse, il n'existe pas d'étude ayant examiné la base physiologique responsable des différences de durées de vie, entre les plantes annuelles et pérennes. Sur la base de la théorie du vieillissement, les teneurs en peroxyde d'hydrogène (H 2 O 2 ) devraient être moindres dans les tissus pérennes (p. ex., racines basales) -mais pas dans les tissus non pérennes (p. ex. cotylédons) -en comparant les plantes pérennes avec les plantes annuelles. Les auteurs ont vérifié cette prédiction en utilisant deux espèces annuelles et deux espèces pérennes de lin (Linum). Comme prévu, on observe des teneurs en H 2 O 2 moindres dans les racines des plantes pérennes comparativement aux annuelles, ce qui reflète une plus forte activité de la catalase dans les racines des plantes pérennes. Dans les cotylédons, contrairement aux prévisions, on observe en fait les teneurs en H 2 O 2 plus importantes chez les pérennes que chez les annuelles, en dépit d'une activité catalase plus importante chez les pérennes également, reflétant vraisemblablement une plus forte production de H 2 O 2 via les peroxysomes et les chloroplastes. Conséquemment, les auteurs proposent, de façon compatible avec la théorie oxydative du vieillissement, que les espèces de lin pérennes possèdent une charge oxydative moindre dans leurs racines, mais que ceci s...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Differences in tissue concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the roots and cotyledons of annual and perennial species of flax (Linum)

BrownJason

MarshallKatie

StaplesJames

2012

Botany

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“…Pollen production per anther is varied with accounts ranging from 11 908 + 262.2 (average + s.d.) grains [24] to as many as 20 500 + 2200 [20]. On average, each grain has a mass of 14.…”

Section: Biology Of Plantago Lanceolatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Timerman

Greene

Urzay

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In wind pollination, the release of pollen from anthers into airflows determines the quantity and timing of pollen available for pollination. Despite the ecological and evolutionary importance of pollen release, wind-stamen interactions are poorly understood, as are the specific forces that deliver pollen grains into airflows. We present empirical evidence that atmospheric turbulence acts directly on stamens in the cosmopolitan, wind-pollinated weed, Plantago lanceolata, causing resonant vibrations that release episodic bursts of pollen grains. In laboratory experiments, we show that stamens have mechanical properties corresponding to theoretically predicted ranges for turbulence-driven resonant vibrations. The mechanical excitation of stamens at their characteristic resonance frequency caused them to resonate, shedding pollen vigorously. The characteristic natural frequency of the stamens increased over time with each shedding episode due to the reduction in anther mass, which increased the mechanical energy required to trigger subsequent episodes. Field observations of a natural population under turbulent wind conditions were consistent with these laboratory results and demonstrated that pollen is released from resonating stamens excited by small eddies whose turnover periods are similar to the characteristic resonance frequency measured in the laboratory. Turbulencedriven vibration of stamens at resonance may be a primary mechanism for pollen shedding in wind-pollinated angiosperms. The capacity to release pollen in wind can be viewed as a primary factor distinguishing animal-from wind-pollinated plants, and selection on traits such as the damping ratio and flexural rigidity may be of consequence in evolutionary transitions between pollination systems.

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“…He found that, even if this trade-off is considered, resource allocation to the female functions increases with an increase in the self-fertilization rate. Several empirical data agree with this hypothesis (Charnov 1987, McKone 1987, Morgan andBarrett 1989, Schoen 1982, Sharma et al, 1999). However, sex allocation in these species is female-biased even in predominantly outcrossing populations or a variety, and hence self-fertilization alone cannot explain female-biased sex allocation in these species (but see McKone 1987).…”

Section: Mw I Wi)># M I Wi) For All (F M)#(fw Mw)mentioning

confidence: 54%

Biased Sex Allocation in Hermaphroditic Plants

Sakai

2000

J Plant Res

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Female-biased sex allocation is commonly observed in hermaphroditic plants, though equal resource allocation to the female and the male functions is predicted to be evolutionarily stable in a simple model. I briefly reviewed factors that select for biased sex allocation in hermaphroditic plants; i .e., non-linear fitness, self-fertilization, non-linear trade-off in resource allocation to the female and the male functions, local mate competition, and pollen limitation. I also showed that the trade-off between growth and reproduction does not select for biased sex allocation unless constraints prevent simultaneous maximization of the amount of resources allocated to reproduction and equalizat i of resources allocated to the female and the male functions. Finally, I present a new hypothesis that can explain female-biased sex allocation. In this model, a source-sink relationship in flower/fruit growth was considered. The ESS sex allocation including fruits is femalebiased if fruit growth is sink-limited at least during its early stage.

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Pattern of Resource Allocation of Six Plantago Species with Different Breeding Systems

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Differences in tissue concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the roots and cotyledons of annual and perennial species of flax (Linum)

Differences in tissue concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the roots and cotyledons of annual and perennial species of flax (Linum)

Turbulence-induced resonance vibrations cause pollen release in wind-pollinated Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae)

Biased Sex Allocation in Hermaphroditic Plants

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