Pattern or process? Evaluating the peninsula effect as a determinant of species richness in coastal dune forests

Olivier, Pieter I.; Rolo, Víctor; Aarde, Rudi J. van

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173694

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…A large number of studies confirmed that the relation between climate and species diversity is critical for understanding these patterns, and in particular, current climatic features, such as temperature and precipitation, have been shown to play a great role in explaining the latitudinal patterns of species diversity [ 41 , 42 ]. In addition, a “peninsula effect” could have also contributed to determining this variation pattern, given that species richness is typically known to decrease from the proximal (i.e., northern Italy) to the distal (i.e., southern Italy) areas of a peninsula [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. A notable exception to this general pattern is Abruzzo—a central Italian region that is amongst the richest concerning native flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic Richness in a Mediterranean Hotspot: A Journey across Italy

D’Antraccoli,

Peruzzi,

Conti

et al. 2023

Plants

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Species richness is a fundamental property of biodiversity patterns and is properly expressed by the species–area relationship (SAR), namely the increase in the number of species with the area. Here, we studied and explored the species–area relationship with respect to vascular plant species in Italy and compared vascular plant richness among Italian administrative regions. Concerning the entire vascular flora (native and alien), the best-performing formula is the Arrhenius’ Power function: S = c Az. The constants of this function are c = 241.2 and z = 0.281. The best-performing formula concerning just native (c = 245.2 and z = 0.263) and alien (c = 10.1 and z = 0.404) richness is the Power function as well. The floristically richest Italian regions considering the entire flora are Liguria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, and Trentino-Alto Adige, which are also the regions that are richest in alien flora unfortunately. Regions of particular naturalistic interest are Abruzzo, Valle d’Aosta, and Molise, because only these three regions exhibit native floristic richness that is higher than expected, and this is coupled with an alien floristic richness that is lower than expected. On the contrary, four regions (Lombardia, Veneto, Toscana, and Emilia-Romagna) show potentially severe conservation problems due to biological invasions since they experience native floristic richness that is lower than expected, with an alien floristic richness that is higher than expected. This study offers for the first time the ‘c’ and ‘z’ constants specifically calibrated at the national level for Italian vascular flora. The availability of such constants allows the calculation of the number of expected species for a given area to be investigated, providing a robust starting hypothesis for floristic studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic Richness in a Mediterranean Hotspot: A Journey across Italy

D’Antraccoli,

Peruzzi,

Conti

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…This study identified the shape metrics of MSI and MPFD that determined the landscape shape complexity and the patch fractal dimension. Therefore, it is a vital dimension to predict birds and plant species richness pattern (Olivier et al, 2017). The landscape pattern map of the area again helps to prioritize the specific zone or locality and monitor the functions for proper conservation planning and management that helps to maintain the stated benefits of the landscape analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrently, AWMSI calculates the complexity of the patches in the landscape according to their size. Circular patches have an AWMSI value close to one and it increases with patch shape irregularity (Olivier, Rolo, & van Aarde, 2017). Larger patches enter more strongly in the calculation than smaller ones do, thus greater values index is the indicator for a higher form variety of the surfaces (Kirstein & Netzband, 2001).…”

Section: Major Landscape Metrics Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and mapping of the spatial landscape pattern and its planning and management implications a case study in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area, Ethiopia

Mohamed

Worku

Kindu

2019

Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes

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Rapid urbanization in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area resulted in the rapid land use/ land cover (LULC) change that affected landscape structures and ecological functions. This study aimed at quantifying and mapping the spatial patterns of landscape structure for a sustainable city region landscape conservation planning and management. GIS and statistical tools were used to compute important landscape metrics. Pearson Correlation and factor analysis were also applied to reduce redundant indices and identify underlining factor of the landscape structure by network of hexagonal area. The analysis depicted four landscape and four class-level underlined metrics. Accordingly, as the region overall landscape was characterized by patch size and density, shape and texture (interspersion) index, the forest class also attributed by patch size and density, and shape metrics. The result shows that the region landscape planning and management schemes must emphasize on the level of patch fragmentation and landscape complexity to maintain the natural land cover habitat functioning, the amount of ecological process and extent of human intervention. This research will help scientific base decision-making in conservation planning and management of the tropical highland urban landscape in general, and the study area in particular.

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“…This geometry hypothesis, thus, emphasizes the role of the island-like geometry of peninsulas on population dynamics (i.e., an imbalance of the immigration/extinction rates). The term "peninsula effect" has commonly been used to denote a process that explains the diversity pattern found within peninsulas; however, there is great disagreement relative to the causative processes of such patterns [15]. Herein, the use of the term "peninsula effect" only refers to the monotonic decreasing diversity pattern along the peninsula's axis, and any mechanism-related proposal is described as an individual hypothesis meant to explain the decreasing diversity pattern of the peninsula effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Peninsula Effect Using the Latitudinal Abundance Pattern for Tree Species in Florida

Kwon

Lin

2019

Diversity

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The peninsula effect is a biological diversity pattern found in peninsulas in which the number of species decreases toward the tip of the peninsula. The geometry hypothesis, as one proposed cause of the peninsula effect, attempts to predict this pattern by examining the peculiarities of peninsular geometry. As peninsulas are characterized by their isolated positions, it has been suggested that a decreased immigration-to-extinction rate is the cause of the decrease in species diversity from the base to the tip of a peninsula. We aimed to test the geometry hypothesis on tree species in the Florida peninsula by modeling the latitudinal abundance pattern using sample-based tree inventory data. We postulated that the current abundance distribution of a species is a ramification of past immigration–extinction dynamics in a peninsula, as well as an important indicator of such dynamics in the future. The latitudinal abundance patterns of 113 tree species in Florida in the southeastern United States were simulated with the Huisman–Olff–Fresco (HOF) model using the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database. Evidence species for the geometry hypothesis were then selected if the simulated latitudinal abundance pattern was asymmetric with its abundance maxima occurring within the Florida peninsula (i.e., approximately 31.5° latitude or lower). Our HOF model results found that most species (87% of 113 species) did not experience any steep abundance decline along the Florida peninsula when compared with their general trend across the range, suggesting that the observed diversity pattern of tree species in Florida could merely be a continuation of latitudinal diversity gradients in the southeastern United States, independent of peninsular geometry.

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Pattern or process? Evaluating the peninsula effect as a determinant of species richness in coastal dune forests

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Floristic Richness in a Mediterranean Hotspot: A Journey across Italy

Floristic Richness in a Mediterranean Hotspot: A Journey across Italy

Quantification and mapping of the spatial landscape pattern and its planning and management implications a case study in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area, Ethiopia

Investigation of the Peninsula Effect Using the Latitudinal Abundance Pattern for Tree Species in Florida

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