Pattern-Related Visual Stress, Chromaticity, and Accommodation

Allen, Peter M.; Hussain, Atif; Usherwood, Claire; Wilkins, Arnold J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.09-5086

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This means that the research investigating MISViS overlaps with other neurological conditions such as migraine and epilepsy (Huang et al 2003(Huang et al , 2011Wilkins et al 1984Wilkins et al , 2007Wilkins and NimmoSmith 1987) and is also referred to as visual stress, pattern related visual stress (Allen et al 2010), or visual discomfort (Conlon et al 1999(Conlon et al , 2009. The somatic symptoms of MISViS are heterogeneous, but can include asthenopia (i.e., general eye complaints) such as: pain in or around the eyes, eye fatigue, headaches, and photophobia (Evans et al 1996;Kriss and Evans 2005;Wilkins 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Neuroimaging Case Study of Meares–Irlen Syndrome/Visual Stress (MISViS)

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is to evaluate the data from a participant in a reading study who had a diagnosis of Meares-Irlen syndrome/visual stress (MISViS). MISViS is characterised by visual distortions and somatic issues, which are remediated using coloured filters. The authors present a case study providing descriptive neurobiological comparisons of MISViS versus a control group. The study involved eleven English language speakers who participated in behavioural and neuroimaging versions of a language experiment with varied proportions of regular and exception words. Behavioural measures included accuracy and response times. Neuroimaging was conducted using a 1.5T Siemens Sonata MRI. The MISViS participant's data were removed from the overall experiment and analysed as a case study. Impulse response functions (IRFs) and percentage of active voxels were extracted from four regions of interest: BAs 17, 18, 19, and the postcentral gyrus (PG) and two control regions (BA6 and left BA45). The results indicated that significant differences existed between the control group and the MISViS participant for IRF intensity in two regions (BA6 and PG) and percentage of active voxels in four regions (BA17, BA19, PG, and BA6). No significant differences occurred in left BA45 for either variable of interest. No significant differences were found for behavioural measures. In conclusion, our findings offer one of the first neurobiological descriptions of differences in IRF intensity and percentage of active voxels in visual and somatosensory cortex during a language experiment for a participant with MISViS in the absence of migraine compared to controls.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Neuroimaging Case Study of Meares–Irlen Syndrome/Visual Stress (MISViS)

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To this end, despite the controversy about the role of colour in reading difficulty and its effect on dyslexia, the orthoptist should consider using coloured overlays or lenses when asthenopic symptoms persist and other clinical measures seem within normal limits. The clinician should also bear in mind that visual stress may in itself underlie increased accommodative lag 36 and persistent binocular vision weakness despite treatment. It remains the case, however, that many of those who have difficulty reading may have a range of conditions creating unpleasant symptoms when reading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others 35 have aso shown that accommodative lag increases more quickly in visually symptomatic readers, making blur more likely. This, however, has been linked to another visual disorder known as 'visual stress' by Allen et al, 36 who have shown that coloured backgrounds can reduce accommodative lag in visually symptomatic readers and that visual stress may cause accommodative fatigue and inaccuracy. Conversely, it is also possible that accommodative inaccuracy may make the perception of distortion more obvious since blur can enhance the appearance of spatial distortion.…”

Section: Accommodative Lag and Visual Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases visual stress or pattern glare should be considered as a possible underlying reason for visual symptoms. 36 Visual stress, pattern glare and using colour For some people, viewing text can result in the appreciation of a range of visual distortions. There are several hypotheses about why this should occur.…”

Section: Accommodative Lag and Visual Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Why do words jump? An exploration of visually symptomatic readers

Northway

2012

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To provide an insight into the current issues in assessing visually symptomatic readers and the role of the orthoptist in the management of these patients. Methods: A literature-based review was undertaken to investigate the assessment of patients presenting with visual symptoms associated with reading. Areas related to binocular vision and visual stress, visual discomfort and illusions are covered. The importance of differentiating between the correction of visual discomfort and the correction of dyslexia is also highlighted.

show abstract

“…After 5 seconds, participants were read a list of 15 symptoms (shown in Table 1). The list of symptoms was that used by Allen et al 21 with the addition of 'fading'. Participants were asked to grade each symptom in order, on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 meant they experienced no discomfort (no experience of the symptom) and 10 meant that the symptom was very uncomfortable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of viewing distance on responses to the pattern glare test

Monger

Shah

Wilkins

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background We investigated whether symptoms of pattern glare were affected by viewing distance, as distinct from spatial frequency, because of an association between symptoms and anomalies of accommodation and vergence. Methods One hundred young adults viewed gratings with spatial frequencies of 0.3, 2.3 and 9.4 cycles per degree (cpd) at four test distances (0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 metres). Participants were asked to grade the presence of 15 symptoms of visual perceptual distortions and discomfort, on a scale from zero (no symptoms) to 10 (maximum perceptual and somatic symptoms). Results The viewing distance did not affect the nature and strength of symptoms, when viewing gratings with similar spatial frequencies. The symptoms increased with spatial frequency (p < 0.008 for all comparisons). Conclusions The symptoms from the Pattern Glare Test do not appear to be modulated by the changes in accommodation and vergence associated with viewing distance, at least in an unselected sample of students. The highest spatial frequency of the current Pattern Glare Test was 9.4 cpd at 0.4 metre and this is insufficiently high to measure the reduction in symptoms at high spatial frequencies. If assessing relative aversion to gratings of different spatial frequencies, it may be useful to increase the testing distance to 0.6 metre so as to increase the spatial frequency of the third grating to 14.2 cpd.

show abstract

Pattern-Related Visual Stress, Chromaticity, and Accommodation

Abstract: Accommodative lag was greater in individuals susceptible to pattern-related visual stress and was reduced by a colored background.

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

A Functional Neuroimaging Case Study of Meares–Irlen Syndrome/Visual Stress (MISViS)

A Functional Neuroimaging Case Study of Meares–Irlen Syndrome/Visual Stress (MISViS)

Why do words jump? An exploration of visually symptomatic readers

The effect of viewing distance on responses to the pattern glare test

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About