Pattern separation deficits following damage to the hippocampus

Kirwan, C. Brock; Hartshorn, Andrew; Stark, Shauna M.; Goodrich-Hunsaker, Naomi J.; Hopkins, Ramona O.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.011

Cited by 100 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(58 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Through extensive testing, we have previously demonstrated that the lures have a controlled range of false alarm rates when used during recognition tests (Yassa et al, 2011a; Stark et al 2013; 2015). In addition, performance on these similar lures is sensitive to hippocampal damage (Kirwan et al, 2012), aging (Stark et al, 2013; 2015; Toner et al, 2009) and to the age-related changes in both the activity of the dentate gyrus and CA3 subfields during aging (Yassa et al, 2011b), and to disruptions of hippocampal circuitry (Yassa et al, 2011b; Bennett et al, 2015). Together, these findings demonstrate the viability of this task as a sensitive and appropriate measure of age-related memory change and of hippocampal function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, our lab developed a Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST; formerly BPS-O) that assesses a participants’ ability to discriminate between previously viewed objects (i.e., targets), similar lure objects, and unrelated foil objects (Kirwan & Stark, 2007; Yassa et al, 2011a, 2011b; Kirwan et al, 2012; Stark et al, 2013, 2015). The ability to discriminate between targets and similar lures has been shown to be impaired in healthy older adults, with an apparent sparing of their ability to discriminate between targets and unrelated foils (Toner et al, 2009; Yassa et al, 2011a, 2011b; Stark et al, 2013, 2015; Bennett et al, 2015; Reagh et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, working memory versions of the task have failed to find age-related differences in the ability to discriminate between targets and similar lures (e.g., Yassa et al, 2011a), suggesting a mnemonic rather than a perceptual deficit driving the effect in healthy older adults in this task. Previous studies have typically used a test format in which participants are instructed to respond “old” to exact repetitions of items seen during the encoding phase, to respond “similar” to images which are similar to—but not exactly the same as—a previously viewed image, and to respond “new” to images that they have not seen in the context of the experiment (Kirwan & Stark, 2007; Toner et al, 2009; Yassa et al, 2011a, 2011b; Kirwan et al, 2012; Stark et al, 2013, 2015; Bennett et al, 2015). Stark et al (2015) also used a test format that instructed participants to respond “old” only to exact repetitions and to respond “new” to both similar lures and unrelated foils, including a version with confidence ratings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.

Huffman¹,

Stark²

2017

Behavioral Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous studies from our lab have indicated that healthy older adults are impaired in their ability to mnemonically discriminate between previously viewed objects and similar lure objects in the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). These studies have used either old/similar/new or old/new test formats. The forced-choice test format (e.g., “Did you see object A or object A’ during the encoding phase?”) relies on different assumptions than the old/new test format (e.g., “Did you see this object during the encoding phase?”); hence, converging evidence from these approaches would bolster the conclusion that healthy aging is accompanied by impaired performance on the MST. Consistent with our hypothesis, healthy older adults exhibited impaired performance on a forced-choice test format that required discriminating between a target and a similar lure. We also tested the hypothesis that age-related impairments on the MST could be modeled within a global matching computational framework. We found that decreasing the probability of successful feature encoding in the models caused changes that were similar to the empirical data in healthy older adults. Collectively, our behavioral results extend to the forced-choice test format the finding that healthy aging is accompanied by an impaired ability to discriminate between targets and similar lures, and our modeling results suggest that a diminished probability of encoding stimulus features is a candidate mechanism for memory changes in healthy aging. We also discuss the ability of global matching models to account for findings in other studies that have used variants on mnemonic similarity tasks.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.

Huffman¹,

Stark²

2017

Behavioral Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The total percent of correctly identified items at the delay was analyzed as the primary outcome (i.e., total correct/total trials; possible range: 0%–100%), controlling for response bias. The BPS-O demonstrates robust activation with the MTL in functional MRI paradigms (Law et al, 2005; Yassa et al, 2011) and has been validated to detect age-related memory changes in older adults (Yassa et al, 2011) and hippocampal specific injury (Kirwan et al, 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal thinning is uniquely associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in neurologically normal older adults

Casaletto

Ward

Baker

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the converging pathologic and epidemiologic data indicating a relationship between retinal integrity and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we aimed to determine if retinal structure correlates with medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure and function in neurologically normal older adults. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, verbal and visual memory testing, and 3T-magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were performed in 79 neurologically normal adults enrolled in a healthy aging cohort study. Retinal nerve fiber thinning and reduced total macular and macular ganglion cell volumes were each associated with smaller MTL volumes (ps < 0.04). Notably, these markers of retinal structure were not associated with primary motor cortex or basal ganglia volumes (regions relatively unaffected in AD) (ps > 0.70), or frontal, precuneus, or temporoparietal volumes (regions affected in later AD Braak staging ps > 0.20). Retinal structure was not significantly associated with verbal or visual memory consolidation performances (ps > 0.14). Retinal structure was associated with MTL volumes, but not memory performances, in otherwise neurologically normal older adults. Given that MTL atrophy is a neuropathological hallmark of AD, retinal integrity may be an early marker of ongoing AD-related brain health.

show abstract

“…Using the MST, we have reported a linear decline in lure discrimination performance across the lifespan, identifying similar lure items as “similar” (mnemonic discrimination), with no corresponding decrease in recognition for identifying repeated items as “old” (traditional recognition memory) [10] - a pattern which has also been shown in studies comparing groups of younger and older adults [11-13]. Additionally, performance on these lure trials is substantially impaired in patients with overt hippocampal damage relative to healthy controls [14] and is sensitive to individual differences in memory ability within aging (e.g. healthy older adults categorized as impaired vs. unimpaired relative to young, as “super-agers” vs. typical agers, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Age-related deficits in the mnemonic similarity task for objects and scenes

Stark

2017

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

113

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TUsing the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), we have demonstrated an age-related impairment in lure discrimination, or the ability to recognize an item as distinct from one that was similar, but not identical to one viewed earlier. A growing body of evidence links these behavioral changes to age-related alterations in the hippocampus. In this study, we sought to evaluate a novel version of this task, utilizing scenes that might emphasize the role of the hippocampus in contextual and spatial processing. In addition, we investigated whether, by utilizing two stimulus classes (scenes and objects), we could also interrogate the roles of the PRC and PHC in aging. Thus, we evaluated differential contributions to these tasks by relating performance on objects versus scenes to volumes of the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe structures. We found that while there was an age-related impairment on lure discrimination performance for both objects and scenes, relationships to brain volumes and other measure of memory performance were stronger when using objects. In particular, lure discrimination performance for objects showed a positive relationship with the volume of the hippocampus, specifically the combined dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 subfields, and the subiculum. We conclude that though using scenes was effective in detecting age-related lure discrimination impairments, it does not provide as strong a brain-behavior relationship as using objects.

show abstract

Pattern separation deficits following damage to the hippocampus

Cited by 100 publications

References 51 publications

Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.

Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task.

Retinal thinning is uniquely associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in neurologically normal older adults

Age-related deficits in the mnemonic similarity task for objects and scenes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About