Pattern, Trend and Predictors of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Uyo, Nigeria

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Unlike what obtains in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, there remains a paucity of data on adult-onset type 1 diabetes in Nigeria. Hence, the current study aimed to determine the general characteristics of adult-onset type 1 diabetes among subjects (aged ≥18 years) presenting at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) in Akwa Ibom State, South-south Nigeria. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A 5-year (2014–2018) retrospective records review of subjects with type 1 diabetes was undertaken, using hospital medical records retrieved from the Department of Health Information Management of UUTH. Diagnosed adult cases of type 1 diabetes were meticulously identified and the relevant data at the point of initial diagnosis were acquired on a specially designed data acquisition template. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 47,357 medical cases were identified of which 362 adults were diagnosed with type I diabetes (mean age 33.12 ± 4.40, range 20–51 years) and the females (<i>n</i> = 204; 56.4%) predominated among those diagnosed. The overall, male gender, and female gender prevalence was 7.4/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.89–7.98), 3.3/1,000 (95% CI: 2.52–4.08), and 4.3/1,000 (95% CI: 3.61–4.99), respectively. The females exhibited the highest trough, peak, annual, and overall prevalence during the study period. The female gender (OR: 2.334; 95% CI: 1.407–3.478; <i>p</i> = 0.010), age ≤30 years (OR: 1.976; 95% CI: 0.875–3.211; <i>p</i> < 0.001), urban-dwelling (OR: 3.243; 95% CI: 2.3407.780; <0.001), diabetes family history (OR: 1.365; 95% CI: 0.678–2.010; <i>p</i> = 0.033), and the rainy season (OR: 1.129; 95% CI: 0.401–1.910; <i>p</i> < 0.001) were independent predictors among the overall adult type 1 diabetics. On gender-segregated analyses, age ≤30 years, urban-dwelling, diabetes family history, and the rainy season remained independent predictors among the male and female adult type 1 diabetics (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study demonstrated a high burden of type 1 diabetes among adult residents of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria. The predictors of adult type 1 diabetes, identified in the present study, are valuable epidemiologic evidence for the design of type 1 diabetes-targeted preventive programs by various concerned stakeholders.

ABO Blood Group Genotypes and Demographic Traits in Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria

“…Higher educational status was another demographic characteristic associated with T1DM at Ayobo Primary Health Center. This finding is consistent with the findings of Amadi et al (2020) in Uyo, Nigeria, and Olssen et al (2011) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Ogundele et al (2016) also reported the preponderance of individuals with higher education among diabetics in Lagos.…”

“…Unfortunately, there was not enough information to ascertain if the diabetic adults had adult-onset T1DM or childhood-onset T1DM and survived to adulthood. However, some studies carried out in Africa, including Padoa (2011), Amadi et al (2020), andBalcha et al (2020), have reported the preponderance of adult-onset T1DM on the continent. Adewumi et al (2022) also found that the majority of individuals with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lagos were between the ages of 41 and 60.…”

Incidence and determinants of diabetic ketoacidosis among people with diabetes in Woldiya comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

“…Regarding residence, urban dwellers had a lower risk (40%) of DKA as compared to rural dwellers. This study is in line with a study conducted in Nigeria [23], and Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospitall [17]. On the contrary, a study done in Australia and New Zealand [33,34] revealed that rural dwellers were at higher risk of DKA than urban dwellers.…”

“…In 2015, the estimated cost of DM in sub-Saharan Africa was about $19.45 billion [22]. Age and urban residence were identified as sociodemographic predictors of DKA [17,23,24]. Besides the above, T1D, the presence of comorbidity, infection prior to the onset of DKA, poor glycemic control, and medication discontinuation are associated with DKA [25][26][27].…”