Patternable transparent and conductive elastomers towards flexible tactile/strain sensors

Li, Ren’ai; Chen, Guangxue; He, Mengchang; Tian, Junfei; Su, Bin

doi:10.1039/c7tc02703f

Cited by 115 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The main cause of transmittance reduction is the color of Fe 3+ ions. On the other hand, the extensive coordination bonding interactions would lead to the formation of more complex polymer networks, which could also block the light passing through them . In addition, the transmittance showed declining trend with the increased thickness of the resultant polymer composite (Figure S12, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one hand, the presence of irregularly arranged polymer networks caused an amorphous medium. Thus the light could easily go through the composite matrix, leading to the high transmittance of this material . On the other hand, the as‐formed dynamic chemical bonds, such as disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and coordination bonds, could be hierarchically broken and rebonded upon continuous strain by a efficient energy dissipation mechanism., thus endowing ultrahigh stretchability in the polymer composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic conductors, combination of intrinsic stretchability, self‐healing, and transparency, have aroused the extensive interest of many researchers. Chen co‐workers reported a rubber band like conductors based on ionic liquid, which can be assembled into wearable sensors to real‐time detection of human health .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Rehealable, Sensing, and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule

Dang

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

188

126

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To date, various stretchable conductors have been fabricated, but simultaneous realization of the transparency, high stretchability, electrical conductivity, self-healing capability, and sensing property through a simple, fast, cost-efficient approach is still challenging. Here, α-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally small biological molecule found in humans and animals, is used to fabricate transparent (>85%), electrical conductivity, highly stretchable (strain up to 1100%), and rehealable (mechanical healing efficiency of 86%, electrical healing efficiency of 96%) ionic conductor by solvent-free one-step polymerization. Furthermore, the ionic conductors with appealing sensitivity can be served as strain sensors to detect and distinguish various human activities. Notably, this ionic conductor can be fully recycled and reprocessed into new ionic conductors or adhesives by a direct heating process, which offers a promising prospect in great reduction of electronic wastes that have brought acute environmental pollution. In consideration of the extremely facile preparation process, biological available materials, satisfactory functionalities, and full recyclability, the emergence of LA-based ionic conductors is believed to open up a new avenue for developing sustainable and wearable electronic devices in the future.features. [1][2][3][4] These conductors provide huge opportunities for promising applications of artificial muscles, skin sensors, biological actuators, stretchable displays, electronic eye cameras, intelligent robot arms, and others. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It was well known that the conventional electronic conductors are normally prepared from waferbased materials, which possess several drawbacks including fragility, rigidity, and low conductivity under large-scale deformations. [12] They cannot satisfy the demands of high stretchability, flexibility, durability, and stability. To achieve these criteria, strain engineering and nanocomposites are the two most adoptable strategies to fabricate stretchable conductors. In the first strategy, nonstretchable inorganic materials, such as silicon and metals, are geometrically patterned into buckled, serpentine structures on elastomeric substrates that renders the conductors excellent sensitivity and larger workable range of strain. [10,13,14] Nonetheless, most resultant conductors still show narrow range of strain from 20% to 70%, [15] and presents out-of-plane patterns that is difficult to encapsulate. Meanwhile, this strategy usually involves expensive and very complicated techniques, which greatly limits the further development of these conductors. Integrating conductive fillers into polymer matrix to produce nanocomposites used as stretchable conductors is the second strategy. [16] So far, various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, [17][18][19][20] carbon black, [21] graphene-based materials, [22,23] metal nanowires, and nanoparticles, [24,25] have been used as conductive fillers because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Although the robu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Rehealable, Sensing, and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule

Dang

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

188

126

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“…A number of types of radical polymerizations have been shown to be successful including enzyme‐mediated, [ 13 ] ATRP, [ 14 ] heterogeneous FRP, [ 15 ] photoinitiated FRP, [ 10,16 ] and free‐radical frontal polymerization. [ 17 ] The success of previous radical polymerizations combined with the realization that the presence of a DES changes the behavior of free‐radical frontal polymerization, [ 17 ] leads one to believe that the DES itself has an impact on the FRP.…”

Section: Intensity [Mw Cm−2] Aa Maa Initial Rate [Min−1] Maximum Convmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Studies of Photopolymerization of Monomer‐Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents

Fazende

Gary

Mota‐Morales

2020

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The kinetics of photopolymerization in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is investigated through real‐time Fourier transform‐infrared spectrometry (RT‐FTIR). The systems of this study are choline chloride (ChCl) DESs made of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid (DES monomers) and a nonreactive analog isobutyric acid (IBA). The DES consisting of the analog also contains the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA). Analysis of the evolution of conversion indicates dramatic increase in polymerization rate when comparing the polymerization of the DES monomers to pure monomer polymerization. A significant increase in polymerization rate is also seen in the systems that include a methyl ester derivative of the hydrogen bond donor monomer (e.g., MMA) in a nonpolymerizable DES (e.g., IBA−ChCl). It is proposed that the increased solvent viscosity, preorganization due to hydrogen bonding, and the polarity of the DES around the monomers play a role in the enhancement of the polymerization rate.

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“…Notably, hydrogels, a novel kind of soft material consisting of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers in water, have attracted worldwide attention for their liquid-like transport and solid-like mechanical properties [8]. Especially, ionic conductive hydrogels that are swollen with electrolyte solutions [7,9,10] have high transparency and have drawn particular interest [11,12]. There are two categories of hydrogels including synthetic polymer-and biopolymer-based hydrogels [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable, Strain-Sensitive, and Ionic-Conductive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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To extend the applications of natural polymer-based hydrogels to wearable sensors, it is both important and a great challenge to improve their mechanical and electrical performance. In this work, highly stretchable, strain-sensitive, and ionic-conductive cellulose-based hydrogels (CHs) were prepared by random copolymerization of allyl cellulose and acrylic acid. The acquired hydrogels exhibit high stretchability (~142% of tensile strain) and good transparency (~86% at 550 nm). In addition, the hydrogels not only demonstrate better sensitivity in a wide linear range (0–100%) but also exhibit excellent repeatable and stable signals even after 1000 cycles. Notably, hydrogel-based wearable sensors were successfully constructed to detect human movements. Their reliability, sensitivity, and wide-range properties endow the CHs with great potential for application in various wearable sensors.

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Patternable transparent and conductive elastomers towards flexible tactile/strain sensors

Abstract: 3D patternable, transparent, stretchable, and conductive elastomers based on the photopolymerization of the acrylic-acid/choline-chloride deep eutectic solvent were prepared, which can serve as flexible tactile/strain sensors.

Cited by 115 publications

References 37 publications

Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Rehealable, Sensing, and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule

Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Rehealable, Sensing, and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule

Kinetic Studies of Photopolymerization of Monomer‐Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents

Highly Stretchable, Strain-Sensitive, and Ionic-Conductive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Sensors

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