In this paper, we presented a detailed discussion about the influence of the substrate wettability on the colloidal assembly and the resultant functionality of the films. It covers the basic assembly principle for colloidal crystals, the basic understanding of the substrate wettability on colloidal assembly, and the detailed explanation of the influence by give a full examples of various assembly from the substrate with distinct wettability, such as superhydrophilic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, superhydrophobic and hydrophilic-hydrophobic pattern substrate.