A binding site for the repressor protein BP1, which contains a tandem (AT) x (T) y repeat, is located approximately 530 bp 5¢ to the human b-globin gene (HBB). There is accumulating evidence that BP1 binds to the (AT) 9 (T) 5 allele more strongly than to other alleles, thereby reducing the expression of HBB. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms in the (AT) x (T) y repeat in 57 individuals living in Thailand, including three homozygotes for the hemoglobin E variant (HbE; b 26Glu->Lys), 22 heterozygotes, and 32 normal homozygotes. We found that (AT) 9 (T) 5 and (AT) 7 (T) 7 alleles were predominant in the studied population and that the HbE variant is in strong linkage disequilibrium with the (AT) 9 (T) 5 allele, which can explain why the b E