Patterning and tuning of electrical and optical properties of graphene by laser induced two-photon oxidation

Aumanen, Jukka; Johansson, Andreas; Koivistoinen, Juha; Myllyperkiö, Pasi; Pettersson, Mika

doi:10.1039/c4nr05207b

Cited by 57 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The main source of transient heating is linear absorption, which is expected to dominate photon absorption. The fact that two-photon behavior was observed for the oxidation mechanism 9 shows that the process cannot be simple thermal reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 This control of electrical properties is in agreement with our previous report where we observed gradual increase of resistance and finally opening of a band gap and finally formation of insulator at increasing irradiation dose. 9 The present results give valuable insight into the oxidation mechanism and morphology of the oxidized graphene opening a new avenue for controlled tailoring of properties of graphene for electronic and photonic applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser setup for four-wave mixing imaging and twophoton oxidation is described in detail in our previous article. 9 Briefly, an amplified femtosecond laser (Pharos-10, 600 kHz, Light Conversion) was used to pump two non-collinear optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs, Orpheus-N, Light Conversion). The two beams were combined to collinear geometry and focused on the sample by a microscope objective (Nikon LU Plan ELWD 100x/0.80).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we presented an opposite approach by performing laser-induced oxidation of graphene with a two-photon mechanism using short femtosecond pulses. 9,10 Opening of a band gap in graphene was demonstrated as a result of oxidation, which could be controlled by adjusting irradiation parameters. This observation is in agreement with several studies which show that the band gap of GO depends on the level of oxidation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Mechanism of two-photon induced oxidation of single-layer graphene on Si/SiO 2 substrates is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman microspectroscopy and imaging. AFM imaging of areas oxidized by using a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam shows that oxidation is not homogeneous but oxidized and non-oxidized graphene segregate into separate domains over the whole irradiated area. Oxidation process starts from point-like "seeds" 2 which grow into islands finally coalescing together. The size of islands before coalescence is 30 -40 nm and the density of the islands is on the order of 10 11 cm -2 . Raman spectroscopy reveals growth of the D/G band ratio along the oxidation. Sharpness of the D-band which persists over large range of oxidation and the maximal value of the intensity ratio of the D-and G-bands (~0.8) indicates that graphene oxidation proceeds by increase of the oxidized area rather than progression of oxidized areas to fully disordered structure. A phenomenological model is developed which explains the observations. According to the model, the probability for oxidation of a site next to already oxidized site is five orders of magnitude higher than oxidation of pristine graphene. Irradiation of an extended area by raster scanning leads to a formation of an irregular nanomesh of oxide islands with a narrow size distribution. The phenomenological model yields similar results as the experiment. This study forms a basis for controlled use of two-photon oxidation for tailoring properties of graphene and patterning it with sub-micrometer resolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

et al. 2016

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“…Graphene has an exceptionally large third order susceptibility (v (3) $ 10 À7 esu), and third order non-linear methods, such as Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) imaging, have been found feasible for the characterization of graphene 11,12 similarly to other related carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes. [13][14][15] Recently, rapid imaging of large areas of graphene by scanning mode FWM was demonstrated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of graphene patterning with wide-field four-wave mixing microscopy

Koivistoinen

Aumanen

Hiltunen

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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The single atom thick two-dimensional graphene is a promising material for various applications due to its extraordinary electronic, optical, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties. The demand for developing graphene based applications has entailed a requirement for development of methods for fast imaging techniques for graphene. Here, we demonstrate imaging of graphene with femtosecond wide-field four-wave mixing microscopy. The method provides a sensitive, non-destructive approach for rapid large area characterization of graphene. We show that the method is suitable for online following of a laser patterning process of microscale structures on single-layer graphene.

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Laser‐Based Growth and Treatment of Graphene for Advanced Photo‐ and Electro‐Related Device Applications

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Graphene is considered as a competitive material for the development of photo-and electrodevices because of its superior electrical and optical properties. Meanwhile, laser processing technologies with high precision, fast reaction speed, and high maneuverability are widely used for the fast and facile fabrication of functionalized graphene and relevant devices. In particular, it enables desired performance tuning, programmable structural designing, micro-or nanoscale processing, and large-scale integration for advanced graphene-based photo-and electro-related devices, which has greatly promoted the development of multiscale and multidimensional device manufacturing technology. In this review, the interaction principle and processing strategies of functional graphene prepared and treated by laser, especially for the regulation of optical and electrical properties, will be fully understood and introduced. The latest progress and reports of advanced photoelectro devices, including electric energy storage devices, generators, sensors, actuators, photo detectors, photothermal devices, and photovoltaic devices, are classified and summarized. In general, this review may provide positive and meaningful guidance for flourishing graphene-based photo-and electroindustries.

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Patterning and tuning of electrical and optical properties of graphene by laser induced two-photon oxidation

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

Real-time monitoring of graphene patterning with wide-field four-wave mixing microscopy

Laser‐Based Growth and Treatment of Graphene for Advanced Photo‐ and Electro‐Related Device Applications

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