Patterns and Disparities in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake for Young Female Adolescents among U.S. States: NIS-Teen (2008–2016)

Abstract

Background: Several studies have reported differential vaccine uptake outcomes that are associated with sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as provider type. However, none has examined a trend over a multiple-year span. In this study, we utilize a longitudinal data-based approach to examine state-level human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trends and their influences over time.Methods: We analyzed National Immunization Survey -Teen data (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) to estimate HPV vaccine initiation rate in young female adolescent ages 13-17 years old among U.S. States. We identified growth patterns using the latent class growth method and explored state-level characteristics, including socioeconomic and sociodemographic attributes, and health legislation and policy-related programs among patterns.Results: We identified three growth patterns, which showed gradually increasing vaccination trends but different baseline HPV uptake rates (high, moderate, low). States within Pattern 1 (highest HPV vaccination rates) included the lowest percentage of families with incomes below federal poverty level, the highest percentage of bachelor's degree or higher, and the lowest number of uninsured, while states within Pattern 3 (lowest HPV vaccination rates) included families with socioeconomic attributes along the opposite end of the spectrum.Conclusions: Latent class growth models are an effective tool to be able to capture health disparities in heterogeneity among states in relation to HPV vaccine uptake trajectories.Impact: These findings might lead to designing and implementing effective interventions and changes in policies and health care coverage to promote HPV vaccination uptake for states represented under the lowest trajectory pattern.

Willingness to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and influencing factors among male and female university students in China

“…Some research indicate that China failed to promote the HPV vaccine mainly because of its high price 15,25 . In China, the majority of the population who can get access to HPV vaccines are females, hence female students were more sensitive to the money it takes by evaluating their living expenses than males 40 . In America, 65% of university students were willing to take the vaccination only if it was free 41 .…”

“… 15 , 25 In China, the majority of the population who can get access to HPV vaccines are females, hence female students were more sensitive to the money it takes by evaluating their living expenses than males. 40 In America, 65% of university students were willing to take the vaccination only if it was free. 41 A pilot project among teenage girls in one of the counties in China on promoting free HPV vaccination also showed a high HPV vaccination rate and intention.…”

Levels of Parental Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Hesitancy and Their Reasons for Not Intending to Vaccinate: Insights From the 2019 National Immunization Survey-Teen

“…During the telephone survey, the adult respondent (i.e., parent or guardian) who is most knowledgeable about the adolescent's vaccinations was interviewed after obtaining their consent [11]. Details of NIS-Teen survey sampling, data collection, and weighting operations have been described previously [6,11,15,16]. Because the NIS-Teen data in this study were all publicly available, they are considered nonhuman subjects research and exempt from Institutional Review Board oversight.…”

“…The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a two-dose HPV vaccination schedule for all preadolescents (including girls and boys) at ages 11e12 and a three-dose schedule for adolescents and young adults who start later at ages 15e26 years and for immunocompromised persons [1,4,5]. Currently, Gardasil nine is the HPV vaccine that is distributed in the United States, which targets HPV types 6, 11 (strains that cause anogenital warts) and seven HR-HPV types (16,18,31,33,45,52, and 58) [1,6].…”

The impact of personalized clinical decision support on primary care patients’ views of cancer prevention and screening: a cross-sectional survey

“…Mammograms, a mainstay for breast cancer detection, have both benefits and risks, the latter of which include false positives, false negatives, radiation, and unnecessary surgery [ 9 ]. Cervical cancer may have the most benign screening method, the Pap smear [ 10 ], as well as an effective HPV vaccine that has struggled to achieve widespread uptake [ 11 – 13 ].…”