2011
DOI: 10.1002/jpln.201000158
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Patterns and processes of initial terrestrial‐ecosystem development

Abstract: Ecosystems are characterized as complex systems with abiotic and biotic processes interacting between the various components that have evolved over long‐term periods. Most ecosystem studies so far have been carried out in mature systems. Only limited knowledge exists on the very initial phase of ecosystem development. Concepts on the development of ecosystems are often based on assumptions and extrapolations with respect to structure–process interactions in the initial stage. To characterize the effect of this… Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…These systems include, for example, forefields of retreating glaciers, chronosequences related to volcanic eruptions, post-mining areas and permanent mechanical disturbance at coastal and inland dunes. For initial ecosystems the following phases of development can be assumed: (i) the system properties are driven by physical structures and hydrological processes, (ii) the importance of chemical processes increases and (iii) biological communities drive ecosystem properties and development (Schaaf et al, 2011). However, the individual time of development strongly depends on the external conditions like bedrock material, altitude, meteorological properties, initial C, or the degree of mechanical disturbance.…”
Section: Role Of Plantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These systems include, for example, forefields of retreating glaciers, chronosequences related to volcanic eruptions, post-mining areas and permanent mechanical disturbance at coastal and inland dunes. For initial ecosystems the following phases of development can be assumed: (i) the system properties are driven by physical structures and hydrological processes, (ii) the importance of chemical processes increases and (iii) biological communities drive ecosystem properties and development (Schaaf et al, 2011). However, the individual time of development strongly depends on the external conditions like bedrock material, altitude, meteorological properties, initial C, or the degree of mechanical disturbance.…”
Section: Role Of Plantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Landscape reclamation, including soil, vegetation and ecosystem management is challenging, because the material dumped is tertiary carboniferous and pyritic sands which are often poor in nutrients, have a low water holding capacity, contain high amounts of potentially toxic elements and have an extremely low pH (Schaaf and Hüttl, 2005). In this context, new land surfaces in post-mining areas can be regarded as initial ecosystems comparable to newly created landscapes by volcanic activity, to glacier retreat areas in arctic or alpine environments, or to coastal and inland sand dunes (Schaaf et al, 2011). In the early stages of the ecosystem development cyanobacteria and green algae are the first colonizers of the surface and are forming biological soil crusts (BSCs) (Fischer et al, 2010a;Lukešová, 2001;Spröte et al, 2010), while in later stages of the vegetation succession, lichens and mosses are established on the stable soil surface (Büdel and Veste, 2008;Eldridge and Greene;1994;Felinks, 2000).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The climate is cool-temperate with a mean annual rainfall of 563 mm and 8.9 • C annual mean air temperature (January mean: −0.8 • C, July mean: 18.4 • C; German Meteorological Service, station Cottbus; averages from the period 1961-1990). The Chicken Creek catchment is a landscape unit with well-defined borders (Schaaf and Gerwin, 2010;Schaaf et al, 2011), and forms an elevated plateau within the more or less flat mining area. The sandy to loamy sand-grade material used for catchment construction originates from Pleistocene sediments which were taken from the fore-field of the adjacent active mine "Welzow Süd", where they were deposited during the Saale-glacial period about 130,000-300,000 years ago (Gerwin et al, 2009).…”
Section: Study Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%