“…Various works relate to this study, including zeta functions and related topics [Artin & Mazur, 1965;Ban et al, 2008a;Bowen & Lanford, 1970;Fried, 1987;Hardy & Ramanujan, 1918;Hardy & Wright, 1988;Kitchens & Schmidt, 1989;Ledrappier, 1978;Lind, 1996;Lind & Marcus, 1995;Lind et al, 1990;Manning, 1971;Markley & Paul, 1979Pollicott & Schmidt, 1996;Ruelle, 1978;Schmidt, 1995], patterns generation problems and lattice dynamical systems [Ban et al, 2001a[Ban et al, , 2002Ban & Lin, 2005;Ban et al, 2007Ban et al, , 2008bBan et al, , 2001bChow & Mallet-Paret, 1995;Chow et al, 1996aChow et al, , 1996bChua et al, 1995;Chua & Roska, 1993;Chua & Yang, 1988a, 1988bChua, 1998;Chua & Itoh, 2003Lin & Yang, 2000, and phase-transitions in statistical physics [Baxter, 1971[Baxter, , 1982Lieb, 1967aLieb, , 1967bOnsager, 1994].…”