Patterns in Identity Change and Development in Relationships With Mothers and Friends

Reis, Olaf; Youniss, James

doi:10.1177/0743558403258115

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Examples of longitudinal work on the link between family functioning and identity include Reis and Youniss's (2004) finding that mother-adolescent communication and support predicted decreases in identity confusion and increases in identity coherence over a two-year period. In a sample of Hispanic adolescents from immigrant families, Schwartz, Pantin, Prado, Sullivan and Szapocznik (2005) found that family functioning was positively related to identity coherence and inversely related to identity confusion.…”

Section: Family Functioning and Identity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Family Functioning and Identity Confusion on Substance Use and Sexual Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

et al. 2008

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The present study examined the relationships of (a) changes in adolescent-reported family functioning and (b) changes in identity confusion to onset of substance use and sexual behavior in a sample of 250 Hispanic adolescents from immigrant families. Adolescents were followed for 3 years. Results indicated that adolescents whose identity confusion scores increased over time were most likely to initiate cigarette use, alcohol use, and sexual behavior during the course of the study. Adolescents whose identity confusion scores remained stable over time were less likely to initiate, and adolescents whose identity confusion scores decreased over time were least likely to initiate. The data were consistent with the proposition that initial levels of and changes in family functioning appeared to be responsible for these associations. Implications for identity research and intervention are discussed.

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Section: Family Functioning and Identity Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Family Functioning and Identity Confusion on Substance Use and Sexual Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…Similarly, Reis and Youniss (2004) used a two-wave design to study correlated change between identity progression, regression, and stability and relationships with mothers and friends, respectively. They found that, compared with progression or stability of identity, regression in identity was linked to less improvement in communication with mothers.…”

Section: Identity and Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Adolescent Identity Formation 2000–2010: A Review of Longitudinal Research

Meeus

2011

J of Research on Adolesc

472

433

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Longitudinal research into personal and ethnic identity has expanded considerably in the first decade of the present century. The longitudinal studies have shown that personal identity develops progressively during adolescence, but also that many individuals do not change identity, especially ethnic identity. Researchers have found rank-order stability of personal identity to be larger in adulthood than in adolescence and stability of ethnic identity to be larger in middle and late than early adolescence. Personal identity appears to progress in adulthood, as well. Adolescents with a mature identity typically show high levels of adjustment and a positive personality profile, live in warm families, and perform well at school. There is little evidence for developmental order, however, and studies instead have mainly found covariation over time between identity and the other developmental processes. The present review demonstrates that the dimensional approach to the study of identity formation can be very successful. It allows for combined variable and person-centered analyses, and for empirically generated and replicable statuses. Theoretically, the review suggests that identity formation is a less dynamic process than commonly assumed, that the identity status continuum has the order diffusion (D) ! moratorium (M)

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“…70, and scores on the identity scale were positively related to the Identity subscale from the Personal Maturity Inventory (r = .56; Greenberger & Sorensen, 1974). Moreover, in a longitudinal study following adolescents from their sophomore to senior year of high school, Reis and Youniss (2004) found that the most progressive changes in Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory identity scores (i.e., increases in identity coherence and decreases in identity confusion) across adolescence were associated with positive relationships (e.g., adaptive communication, high support, low avoidance, low conflict) with parents and peers. Less 1 Because of the low reliability coefficient for parent-reported family support, we estimated all structural equation models both with and without this indicator.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Family Functioning, Identity, and Problem Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

Schwartz

Pantín

Prado

et al. 2005

The Journal of Early Adolescence

102

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The present study investigated the role of identity in the relationship between family functioning and behavior problems in a sample of Hispanic immigrant early adolescents and their families. The sample consisted of 181 Hispanic immigrant adolescents (92 males, 89 females) and their participating caregivers (who were mostly mothers). Identity was measured using adolescent reports, whereas family functioning and early adolescent behavior problems were measured using both adolescent and parent reports. Correlational analyses indicated that previously obtained relationships among family functioning, identity, and behavior problems were replicated in the present sample. Structural equation models indicated that 20% of the relationship between family functioning and behavior problems operated indirectly through identity, and identity confusion partially mediates the relationship between family functioning and early adolescent behavior problems. Implications for intervention are discussed. KeywordsHispanic; family; identity; behavior problems; structural equation modeling Adolescence is a time when both positive and negative developmental trajectories begin to take shape. Positive outcomes, such as the formation of a coherent sense of identity (Erikson, 1950;Marcia, 1980), begin to appear prominently during the adolescent years. On the other hand, behavior problems also tend to appear and increase during adolescence (Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber, Moffitt, & Caspi, 1999). Although there is some evidence that these positive and negative developmental processes may be related (e.g., Adams et al., 2001;Wires, Barocas, & Hollenbeck, 1994), studies investigating these relationships have generally not attended to ecological factors (e.g., family functioning) that may be related to both identity and behavior problems in adolescence.Identity is one of the pivotal developmental tasks of adolescence (Erikson, 1950(Erikson, , 1968 and is a central positive process during this stage. A coherent sense of identity helps to organize and give meaning to one's experiences and to guide one's decisions and behaviors, whereas a NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript fragmented, confused, or poorly structured sense of identity may render one especially susceptible to external events (Côté & Levine, 2002;Erikson, 1950). Ultimately, some degree of both identity synthesis and identity confusion is adaptable, provided that identity synthesis predominates over identity confusion (Erikson, 1950).Both identity and behavior problems may be, to some extent, a function of family processes and environment. The effects of family functioning on adolescent identity (e.g., Adams, Dyk, & Bennion, 1987;Grotevant & Cooper, 1986) and on adolescent behavior problems (Dishion, Capaldi, & Yoerger, 1999;Olson, Bates, Sandy, & Lanthier, 2000;Pettit, Bates, & Dodge, 1997) have been widely (and separately) studied. What has generally been found is that adaptive family functioning (e.g., family cohesion and pos...

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Patterns in Identity Change and Development in Relationships With Mothers and Friends

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Family Functioning and Identity Confusion on Substance Use and Sexual Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

Effects of Family Functioning and Identity Confusion on Substance Use and Sexual Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

The Study of Adolescent Identity Formation 2000–2010: A Review of Longitudinal Research

Family Functioning, Identity, and Problem Behavior in Hispanic Immigrant Early Adolescents

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