Patterns of Abnormal Processing of Emotional Information in Panic Disorder and Major Depression

Carter, Cameron S.; Maddock, Richard J.; Magliozzi, Joseph R.

doi:10.1159/000284755

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Only a few studies have directly compared anxiety and depression. In one study, [107] a PD group showed a significant interference in color naming of supraliminal threat words (presented on cards), as well as depression words, whereas a depressed group did not. In another study, faster eye movements toward threatening faces were observed in GAD than a depressed group, most of whom met criteria for co-morbid GAD as well.…”

Section: Information Processing Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is an anxiety disorder?

et al. 2009

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Initiated as part of the ongoing deliberation about the nosological structure of DSM, this review aims to evaluate whether the anxiety disorders share features of responding that define them and make them distinct from depressive disorders, and/or that differentiate fear disorders from anxious-misery disorders. The review covers symptom self-report as well as on-line indices of behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and neural responding in the presence of aversive stimuli. The data indicate that the anxiety disorders share self-reported symptoms of anxiety and fear; heightened anxiety and fear responding to cues that signal threat, cues that signal no threat, cues that formerly signaled threat, and contexts associated with threat; elevated stress reactivity to aversive stimuli; attentional biases to threat-relevant stimuli and threat-based appraisals of ambiguous stimuli; and elevated amygdala responses to threat-relevant stimuli. Some differences exist among anxiety disorders, and between anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. However, the differences are not fully consistent with proposed subdivisions of fear disorders vs. anxious misery disorders, and comparative data in large part are lacking. Given the high rates of comorbidity, advances in our understanding of the features of responding that are shared across vs. unique to anxiety and depressive disorders will require dimensional approaches. In summary, the extant data help to define the features of responding that are shared across anxiety disorders, but are insufficient to justify revisions to the DSM nosology at this time. Depression and Anxiety

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Section: Information Processing Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is an anxiety disorder?

et al. 2009

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“…It is not yet clear, however, whether this effect is specific to diseaserelated threat words or extends to general threat domains (or even positive emotional material), although some anxiety disorders seem to be more specific in their attentional bias than others. Whereas patients with OCD [54][55][56]67 and social phobia 46,63,64 showed a predominantly diseasespecific attentional bias, threat word interference in generalized anxiety disorder 46 and PD 49 was found to be more generalized. 51,52 A second issue of consideration in emotional interference is the explicit vs implicit nature of the attentional bias.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorder-Specific Neuroanatomical Correlates of Attentional Bias in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Hypochondriasis

Heuvel

Veltman

Groenewegen

et al. 2005

Arch Gen Psychiatry

339

165

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Our results support the hypothesis of increased distractibility for irrelevant information in patients with OCD, PD, and hypochondriasis associated with frontal-striatal and limbic involvement compared with controls. Although patients with OCD did not display an attentional bias in behavior relative to controls, there was a clear, specific neural response during color naming OCD-related words, involving mainly ventral brain regions. In contrast, generalized emotional interference effects were found in PD and hypochondriasis, involving ventral and widespread dorsal brain regions, reflecting not only unconscious emotional stimulus processing but also increased cognitive elaboration.

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“…Both hypotheses have been supported by numerous experiments (e.g. Carter et al, 1992;Barsky et al, 1994;McNally et al, 1994;Mogg et al, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…It has been claimed that differences in information processing (Carter et al, 1992) imply that depressive patients are biased towards negative thinking of past events. In our study the MD patients did not express more negative thoughts about past events than the other groups (cf.…”

Section: Content Of Thinking: Pd 6ersus MDmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative content of thinking in panic disorder and major depression–a self‐report study

Rosenberg

Jørgensen²,

Sevaj

1997

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the character and extent of negative thought content in panic disorder (PD) and the relation between thinking and bodily sensations. Content of thinking was explored in several areas, some of which are not exclusively related to anxiety. A structured diagnostic interview (SCID), a self-rating scale (SCL-90R), a sentence construction test (The Incomplete Sentences Blank (ISB)), and an inventory of childhood memories of parental rearing (the EMBU) were administered to 47 PD patients, 15 patients with major depression (MD), and 30 normal subjects. Thus, measures of implicit as well as explicit thinking, measures of thinking on present as well as past issues, and methods allowing negative as well as positive thought content to be expressed, were used. We found that PD was characterized by more negative thinking of anxiogenic, depressive, and dependent nature and less neutral or positive thinking than the normal subjects, primarily in issues related to the present. These negative thoughts were correlated with bodily symptoms. Very few significant differences were found between PD and MD, but a subgroup of PD with comorbidity of MD exceeded the other groups on measures of negative thoughts as well as bodily symptoms.

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Patterns of Abnormal Processing of Emotional Information in Panic Disorder and Major Depression

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

What is an anxiety disorder?

What is an anxiety disorder?

Disorder-Specific Neuroanatomical Correlates of Attentional Bias in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Hypochondriasis

Negative content of thinking in panic disorder and major depression–a self‐report study

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