Patterns of adenoid and tonsil growth in Japanese children and adolescents: A longitudinal study

Ishida, Takeshi; Manabe, Asuka; Yang, Shin-Sheng; Yoon, Hyung Sik; Kanda, Eiichiro; Ono, Takashi

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35272-z

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mental spine - clivus length and intermandibular length of children increase linearly with the age. Meanwhile, tonsils and adenoid grow proportionally to the skeletal structures at the same time 25 A longitudinal observational study showed that the tonsil and adenoid grow to maximum size at about ages of 7–9 and of 12–13, respectively 15,26 In this study, we included the children aged from 2 to 13 years old, who were the most common candidates for adenotonsillectomy. The results of the present study may be used to evaluate the surgical indications in children with OSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children of different weight status

Wang

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between OSA and adenotonsillar size in children of different weight status. A total of 451 patients aged 2–13 years with suspected OSA were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Correlations between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and adenotonsillar size in different weight status were investigated. The adenoidal/nasopharyngeal (A/N) ratio of underweight children was significantly higher than that of normal-weight children ( P = 0.027). Both adenoid and tonsil size were positively correlated with logAHI in children of normal weight (r = 0.210, P = 0.001; and r = 0.212, P = 0.001) but uncorrelated in the other groups. Gender (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01–2.20, P = 0.043), obese (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.10–3.40, P = 0.012), A/N ratio (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.28–1.88, P < 0.001) and tonsil size (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.57, P < 0.001) were all associated with the severity of OSA. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy contributed to OSA in normal-weight children. In children of abnormal weight, instead of treatment for adenotonsillar hypertrophy, appropriate treatments for other factors are required.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children of different weight status

Wang

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ishida et al [3] showed that the mean values of Ad and Ts were 347.55 ± 12.52 mm 2 and 161.34 ± 9.54 mm 2 in the younger primary school group and 346.22 ± 12.63 mm 2 and 152.82 ± 9.35 mm 2 in the older primary school group, respectively. Our results showed that the cross-sectional area of Ts was, on average, 125.91 mm 2 in the 2nd grade, 134.96 mm 2 in the 4th grade, and 135.56 mm 2 in the 6th grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…All investigators were blinded to the general status of the participants. Figures 1 and 2 indicate the definitions of the points and lines used to identify the variables based on previous studies [1,3,9] and illustrate the linear and area measurements as the variables, respectively, as variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the statistical package R (version 4.0.2; available as a free download from https: //www.r-project.org/, accessed on 25 September 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a significant decrease in the sizes of the Ad and Ts relative to the upper airway between 6 and 20 years of age [1]. The same research group also conducted a longitudinal observational study of the Ad and Ts sizes in Japanese orthodontic patients aged 6-20 years [3]. They provided the mean and standard deviation of the Ad and Ts sizes in five age-based groups, which are helpful for predicting the growth and development of the Ad and Ts during the growth period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Longitudinal Morphological Changes in the Adenoids and Tonsils in Japanese School Children

Yamada¹,

Sawada²,

Higashino

et al. 2021

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adenoid (Ad) and tonsil (Ts), located in the upper airway, play an important role in immunological protection. These lymphoid tissues grow rapidly, reach a peak of growth at the age of 6–8 years, and decrease in their size thereafter. However, little information is available on the longitudinal growth patterns of Ad and Ts in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the individual growth of Ad and Ts during childhood using lateral cephalograms taken longitudinally from the same individuals at the ages of 8–12 years. Our results showed that the cross-sectional areas of the Ad, nasopharynx (Np), and oropharynx (Op) significantly increased with age while small changes in the size of Ts were present throughout the study period. In addition, the values of Ad/Np and Ts/Op decreased significantly with age in the elementary school. Furthermore, there was a strong and significant correlation between the Ad/Np ratio and upper airway resistance, indicating the narrowest distance in the upper airway. In conclusion, the airway occupation in Np and Op increased with age due to the increase in the sizes of Np and Op but not the decrease in the sizes of Ad and Ts.

show abstract

“…As adenoid is a lymphoid tissue, it is subjected to hypertrophy during childhood with subsequent involution in adulthood 2 . Recurrent upper respiratory tract infection may cause adenoiditis plus physiological hypertrophy that may lead to nasal obstruction, running nose, mouth breathing, snoring and obstructing sleep apnea 3 . Various methods are used in assessing the adenoid hypertrophy such as posterior rhinoscopic mirror examination, endoscopic assessment, and radiological investigations 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngoscopy Versus Plain Radiography in Adenoid Size Assessment

Faleh¹,

Salman²,

Salih³

2020

BJSRG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is a prospective comparative study of adenoid size assessment by using radiography versus nasopharyngoscopy using examination of the adenoid under general anesthesia (GA) as a standard method. This study was conducted on 35 children presented with signs and symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy. All patients were examined by both lateral radiograph view of the postnasal space and nasopharyngoscopy, then both results were compared. The results for small size adenoid can not be calculated because of small sample size. For medium sized adenoid, the sensitivity for radiography and nasopharyngoscopy are 36.36%, 54.54% respectively, the specificity was 47.36%, 84.21% respectively and the accuracy was 43.33%, 73.33% respectively. For large sized adenoid the sensitivity for radiography and nasopharyngoscopy was 38.89%, 83.33% respectively, the specificity was 100%, 66.66% respectively, and the accuracy was 63.33%, 76.66% respectively. In conclusion, nasopharyngoscopy is a simple, safe, repeatable, readily available at the ENT unit, with no radiation hazards, and with negligible trauma. Over all, nasopharyngoscopy has a higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy than radiography.

show abstract

Patterns of adenoid and tonsil growth in Japanese children and adolescents: A longitudinal study

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Correlations between obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children of different weight status

Correlations between obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children of different weight status

Longitudinal Morphological Changes in the Adenoids and Tonsils in Japanese School Children

Nasopharyngoscopy Versus Plain Radiography in Adenoid Size Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About