Patterns of Anxiety: An Analysis of Social Anxieties*

Dixon, James J.; Monchaux, Cecily de; Sandler, Joseph

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1957.tb01951.x

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Factor analyses of the LSAS, including the work here, overlap in part with patterns identified using other measures. Early on, Dixon et al [1957] described ''fear of exhibitionism'' in patients with social anxiety, and subsequent work has described the factor of ''fear of performing actions while being observed'' [Connor et al, 2000;Davidson et al, 1997] or of ''anxiety about being observed by others'' [Safren et al, 1998]. Differences in factors obtained with dif ferent measures can in part by explained by differences in the SAD symptom dimensions that they assess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: Analysis of efficacy for different clinical subgroups and symptom dimensions

et al. 2004

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Escitalopram has demonstrated efficacy for the acute treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in two placebo-controlled trials and for long-term treatment in a relapse-prevention study. Social anxiety disorder is a heterogeneous disorder. This study questions whether this new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is effective across different subgroups of patients. Data from two randomised, placebo-controlled, 12-week escitalopram SAD trials were pooled. General linear models were used to determine the efficacy of escitalopram in different patient subgroups. Furthermore, a factor analysis of the primary efficacy scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), was undertaken, and a determination made of whether treatment effects were similar for the different symptom dimensions. Escitalopram was effective in both younger and older patients, in male and female patients, and in patients with more and less severe social anxiety symptoms. The LSAS factor analysis showed six factors, which were differentially associated with different areas of disability. Escitalopram was significantly superior to placebo for all six symptom dimensions. The treatment effects of escitalopram were independent of gender, symptom severity and chronicity, and comorbid depressive symptoms. A six-factor model of social anxiety symptoms is supported by the distinctive association between these symptom dimensions and different areas of disability, but did not predict differential response to escitalopram.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: Analysis of efficacy for different clinical subgroups and symptom dimensions

et al. 2004

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“…Even early studies on social anxiety emphasized its anticipatory cognitive components, with fear of negative evaluations from others (Dixon et al, 1957;Watson and Friend, 1969;Nichols, 1974;Zimbardo, 1977), the anxious self-preoccupation (Crozier, 1979), self-statements regarding social inadequacy, and awareness of the possibility that other people would notice their reaction (McEwan and Devins, 1983) or their distress (Hartman, 1984). Appraisals of negative social evaluations among social phobics have been found to be more intense in anticipation of a speech than during it (Poulton and Andrews, 1994;Andrews et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core symptom pattern of social phobia

Fahlén

1996

Depress. Anxiety

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“…Returning to a more psychodynamic tradition, two publications by Dixon, de Monchaux & Sandler (10,66) at the Tavistock Clinic describe an at tempt to analyze the patterns of anxiety in neurotic patients. Choosing from the Tavistoc:k Self-Assessment Inventory 26 items classified as "social anxiety," and using Thurstone's centroid method of factor analysis, these workers discovered a large general factor and four group factors: timidity about social initiative and assertive behavior, anxiety focussed on the con trol of bodily functions, fear of exhibition and being seen, and fear of revealing inferiority, this latter form often going with aggressive feelings toward others and ideas of reference.…”

Section: Neurosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities of Behavior

White¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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This is the tenth year in which the literature on abnormalities of be havior has been surveyed in the Annual Review of Psychology. A back ward glance over the decade shows that there have been certain significant changes of interest. The shadows of war still lay over the earlier volumes, which gave considerable attention to war stress and to such war-born investigations as the Minnesota semistarvation project. Even more popular at that time were the lobotomies and the convulsive therapies, reports of which were occupying large amounts of space in psychiatric journals. Last year, in contrast, there were relatively few papers on these forms of treat ment. Those on lobotomy and on insulin shock had decidedly the air of a mopping-up task, whereas those on electroconvulsive therapy might be de scribed as sedately mature and judicious. But youthful vigor and unguarded optimism are still abundantly present: one finds them now in the flood of articles on the wonderful effects of the ataractic drugs. Some of us who accommodated ourselves with difficulty to the idea of treating behavior dis orders by violence are much gratified that the fashion has swung toward treating them by chemically induced tranquility. Yet it is disquieting to find in sober science such rapid changes of enthusiasm as have characterized recent work on the physical side of mental disorders.To understand any topic of research it is helpful to consider where it stands in what may be called the cycle of discovery. The first stage, which we may call birth, is ushered in by some kind of break-through, some momentous discovery of fact or technique which opens a whole new range of possibilities. Then follows a period of childhood, buoyant in spirit, during which the discovery is exploited and extended. Reported results are mainly positive, a simple systematic explanation seems to be forming, and therapeutic effects, if they are involved, are said to be astonishingly good. N ext comes the third or adolescent period, filled with doubt and criticism; reported results are apt to be inconclusive or negative, rival theories be come prominent, and therapeutic effects are dubiously satisfactory. The fourth stage is one of maturity, marked by the appearance of sophisticated discussions in which the limits of the original discovery are recognized and its precise consequences worked out in detail. Then comes senescence, when research settles into a plodding routine or concerns itself with minute and rather precious details, and when theory becomes conservative and orthodox. The urge toward discovery is so insistent that we rarely witness a final stage comparable to death, though the spectacle of a research area in bad 1

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Patterns of Anxiety: An Analysis of Social Anxieties*

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: Analysis of efficacy for different clinical subgroups and symptom dimensions

Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: Analysis of efficacy for different clinical subgroups and symptom dimensions

Core symptom pattern of social phobia

Abnormalities of Behavior

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