Patterns of Beverages Consumed and Risk of Incident Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background and objectives Selected beverages, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, have been reported to influence kidney disease risk, although previous studies have been inconsistent. Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate all types of beverages in association with CKD risk to better inform dietary guidelines. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We conducted a prospective analysis in the Jackson Heart Study, a cohort of black men and women in Jackson, Mississippi. Beverage intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (2000-2004). Incident CKD was defined as onset of eGFR,60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and $30% eGFR decline at follow-up (2009-13) relative to baseline among those with baseline eGFR $60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the consumption of each individual beverage, beverage patterns, and incident CKD. Beverage patterns were empirically derived using principal components analysis, in which components were created on the basis of the linear combinations of beverages consumed. Results Among 3003 participants, 185 (6%) developed incident CKD over a median follow-up of 8 years. At baseline, mean age was 54 (SD 12) years, 64% were women, and mean eGFR was 98 (SD 18) ml/min per 1.73 m 2. After adjusting for total energy intake, age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and baseline eGFR, a principal components analysis-derived beverage pattern consisting of higher consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks, and water was associated with significantly greater odds of incident CKD (odds ratio tertile 3 versus 1 =1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.41). Conclusions Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent CKD in this community-based cohort of black Americans.

Association Between Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score and Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

“…Gopinath et al reported that a high GI intake increased the likelihood of having eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 by 55%, while the highest dietary cereal ber intake was associated with a 50% lower CKD risk [12]. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages was another component of DDRRS, which has been proved to increase risk of CKD [14,26]. Findings of the current study demonstrated that higher adherence to DDRRS was accompanied by higher total carbohydrate and ber but lower sugar consumption.…”

Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review

“…In the ARIC study with 9 years of follow-up, consumption of SSB (cutoff 1 drink per day) was not significantly associated with CKD risk [35]. In the Jackson Heart Study (3003 participants, 185 CKD cases) with 8 years of follow-up, a direct, non-significant association of SSB with CKD risk was found [36]. In the Iranian TLGS, SSB Fig.…”

“…2) [35][36][37], of which one American study also reported on diet beverages (Fig. 2) [36]. In the ARIC study with 9 years of follow-up, consumption of SSB (cutoff 1 drink per day) was not significantly associated with CKD risk [35].…”

“…Three studies reported on SSBs and incident CKD (Fig. 2) [35][36][37], of which one American study also reported on diet beverages (Fig. 2) [36].…”

“…Diet beverages were studied in the Jackson Heart Study and showed no significant association with CKD risk (Fig. 2) [36].…”