Patterns of chasmogamy and cleistogamy, a mixed-mating strategy in an endangered perennial

Koontz, Stephanie M.; Weekley, Carl W.; Crate, Sarah J. Haller; Menges, Eric S.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx059

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although not explicitly testing for EDID, a similar result was observed by Koontz et al. (), who found that Polygala lewtonii Small [Polygalaceae] invests more in the production of open flowers, whereas most of the individuals surviving to reproductive maturity issued from closed flowers. In that species too, it is likely that seed‐set variation impacts the parent plant's fitness more than differences in offspring performance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Season‐dependent effect of cleistogamy in Lamium amplexicaule: flower type origin versus inbreeding status

Stojanova

Maurice

Cheptou

2019

American J of Botany

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Citation: Stojanova, B., S. Maurice, and P.-O. Cheptou. 2020. Seasondependent effect of cleistogamy in Lamium amplexicaule: flower type origin versus inbreeding status. PREMISE:Inbreeding depression is traditionally considered a major factor favoring outcrossing in hermaphrodites. Recent experiments have shown that environmental conditions can influence the magnitude of inbreeding depression, but their relevance in natural populations is unclear. To investigate this, we studied the cleistogamous species Lamium amplexicaule, an annual species with individuals experiencing either spring or autumn environmental conditions. In this species, the proportion of cleistogamous/ chasmogamous flowers changes according to seasonal cues (e.g., temperature, photoperiod). Our hypothesis was that the plasticity of cleistogamy is an adaptation to seasonal fitness variation in different flower progenies. METHODS:To test this hypothesis, we produced the three possible types of progenies through controlled crosses: (1) selfed progeny from cleistogamous flowers; (2) chasmogamous selfed progeny; and (3) chasmogamous outcrossed progeny. Progeny fitness was then measured in a common garden in the two reproduction seasons (autumn and spring). RESULTS:The results showed that season had a major impact on fitness. The fitness of the different progeny types changed across seasons, indicating that the effect of cleistogamy on progeny performance is season-dependent, consistent with a previous study in a similar environment. Surprisingly, the flower from which the progeny issued (cleistogamous or chasmogamous) had more impact on fitness than the inbred status of the progeny (selfed versus outcrossed), suggesting a potential role of epigenetic processes. CONCLUSIONS:The observed patterns of variation were not consistent either with adaptation to environment-dependent inbreeding depression or to variation in resource availability, but were possibly consistent with adaptation to seasonal pollinator activity. KEY WORDS Cleistogamy; flower effect; inbreeding depression; plasticity; season-dependent fitness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Season‐dependent effect of cleistogamy in Lamium amplexicaule: flower type origin versus inbreeding status

Stojanova

Maurice

Cheptou

2019

American J of Botany

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“…Some plant species that bear 2 or more heteromorphic flowers also bear heteromorphic fruits (seeds). Amphicarpy is a phenomenon in which a plant produces both aerial and subterranean flowers and simultaneously bears both aerial and subterranean fruits (seeds) on aerial-and subterranean-stems, respectively (Cheplick, 1987;Koontz et al, 2017;Schnee and Waller, 1986). This phenomenon is observed in at least 67 herbaceous species (31 in Fabaceae) in 39 genera and 13 families of angiosperms, as reported by Zhang et al (Zhang et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

First high-quality reference genome ofAmphicarpaea edgeworthii

Song

Zhou

Yuan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Amphicarpaea edgeworthii, an annual twining herb, is a widely distributed species and an ideal model for studying complex flowering types and evolutionary mechanisms of species. Herein, we generated a high-quality assembly of A. edgeworthii by using a combination of PacBio, 10 × Genomics libraries, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The final 11 chromosome-level scaffolds covered 90.61% of the estimated genome (343.78 Mb), which is the first chromosome-scale assembled genome of an amphicarpic plant. These data will be beneficial for the discovery of genes that control major agronomic traits, spur genetic improvement of and functional genetic studies in legumes, and supply comparative genetic resources for other amphicarpic plants.

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“…Mixed-mating in amphicarpic species provides a fitness advantage through production of genetically diverse progeny via CH flowers, while preserving locally adapted alleles via CL flowers (Koontz et al, 2017). More biomass (energy) is required to produce CH than CL flowers, and CL flowers may produce more seeds than CH flowers (Schoen & Lloyd, 1984;Oakley, Moriuchi, & Winn, 2007;Winn & Moriuchi, 2009;Koontz et al, 2017). However, CL flowers increase the susceptibility of a population to genetic drift and inbreeding depression if deleterious alleles cannot be purged (Zeide, 1978;Oakley et al, 2007; see papers on purging by Crnokrak &Barrett, 2002 andDart &Eckert, 2013).…”

Section: Cleistogamy and Breeding Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the amphicarpic perennial herbs Polygala lewtonii (Swift et al ., 2016) and Trifolium polymorphum (Real et al ., 2007), self‐fertilization ranged from 80 to 93% and 60%, respectively. Mixed‐mating in amphicarpic species provides a fitness advantage through production of genetically diverse progeny via CH flowers, while preserving locally adapted alleles via CL flowers (Koontz et al ., 2017). More biomass (energy) is required to produce CH than CL flowers, and CL flowers may produce more seeds than CH flowers (Schoen & Lloyd, 1984; Oakley, Moriuchi, & Winn, 2007; Winn & Moriuchi, 2009; Koontz et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Cleistogamy and Breeding Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), for example, the fertilized ovary of the sessile chasmogamous flower penetrates the soil by means of an elongating ‘peg’, the tip of which enlarges to form the subterranean pod (Darwin, 1888; Kaul, Koul, & Sharma, 2000). However, some species produce both aerial and subterranean fruits and seeds on the same plant, a phenomenon known as amphicarpy (Cheplick, 1987; Kaul et al ., 2000; Barker, 2005; Kumar, Lawn, & Bielig, 2012; Baskin & Baskin, 2014; Koontz et al ., 2017). This dual reproductive strategy maximizes fitness, since it combines the advantages of both types of seeds (Cheplick, 1987, 1994; Kaul et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphicarpic plants: definition, ecology, geographic distribution, systematics, life history, evolution and use in agriculture

Zhang

Baskin

et al. 2020

Biological Reviews

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Although most plants produce all of their fruits (seeds) aboveground, amphicarpic species produce fruits (seeds) both above‐ and belowground. Our primary aims were to determine the number of reported amphicarpic species and their taxonomic, geographic, life form and phylogenetic distribution, to evaluate differences in the life history of plants derived from aerial and subterranean seeds, to discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of amphicarpy, to explore the use of amphicarpic plants in agriculture, and to suggest future research directions for studies on amphicarpy. Amphicarpy occurs in at least 67 herbaceous species (31 in Fabaceae) in 39 genera and 13 families of angiosperms distributed in various geographical regions of the world and in various habitats. Seeds from aerial and subterranean fruits differ in size/mass, degree of dormancy, dispersal and ability to form a persistent seed bank, with aerial seeds generally being smaller, more dormant and more likely to be dispersed and to form a seed bank than subterranean seeds. In addition, plants produced by aerial and subterranean seeds may differ in survival and growth, competitive ability and biomass allocation to reproduction. Amphicarpic plants may exhibit a high degree of plasticity during reproduction. Subterranean fruits are usually formed earlier than aerial ones, and plants may produce only subterranean propagules under stressful environmental conditions. Differences in the life histories of plants from aerial and subterranean seeds may be an adaptive bet‐hedging strategy.

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Patterns of chasmogamy and cleistogamy, a mixed-mating strategy in an endangered perennial

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Season‐dependent effect of cleistogamy in Lamium amplexicaule: flower type origin versus inbreeding status

Season‐dependent effect of cleistogamy in Lamium amplexicaule: flower type origin versus inbreeding status

First high-quality reference genome ofAmphicarpaea edgeworthii

Amphicarpic plants: definition, ecology, geographic distribution, systematics, life history, evolution and use in agriculture

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