Patterns of chemical defense among Caribbean gorgonian corals: a preliminary survey

Pawlik, Joseph R.; Burch, Mark T.; Fenical, William

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(87)90130-4

Cited by 114 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Bakus (1981) demonstrated that most gorgonians and other conspicuous, sessile reef invertebrates contained extractable substances that were toxic to fish. Recent experiments have shown that the calcium carbonate sclerites and secondary metabolites of some gorgonians can deter fish feeding (Gerhart 1984, Pawlik et al 1987, Gerhart et al 1988, Harvell et al 1988, Harvell & Fenical 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling and gastropod predation: consequences of grazing for a tropical octocoral

Gerhart¹

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The ovulid gastropod Cyphoma gibbosum Linnaeus is a specialist consumer of gorgonian octocorals. Although the direct effects of its feeding do not appear to be great, the indirect consequences may be substantial. An 8 wk study of the gorgonian Plexaura hornornalla Esper in Curaqao found that C. g~bbosum occurred primarily on the lower 30 cm of colonies, and that there were significant correlations between C glbbosum density and the extent of colony fouling on the lower 30 cm of colonies. This correlation occurred whether one measured in~tial fouling, final fouhng, or change in fouling during the 8 wk. There were no significant correlations of C. gibbosum density and fouling for colony portions more than 30 cm above the holdfast. These findings and direct observations in the field suggest that feeding by C. gibbosum increases fouling of gorgonians by exposing the axial skeleton and providing settling sites for fouling propagules. Because fecundity of P. homornalla is reduced when fouhng separates colonies into a series of smaller aggregates, the indirect effects of C. g~b b o s u m grazing could strongly affect the fitness of P. hornornalla and other gorgonians.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling and gastropod predation: consequences of grazing for a tropical octocoral

Gerhart¹

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…265 A similar study of the endemic Brazilian gorgonian Lophogorgia violacea using field feeding assays for bioassay-guided fractionation yielded a mixture of 5 furanocembranoid diterpenes that appear to deter fish predation in an additive manner. 267 Crude extracts from common species of gorgonians collected in the Caribbean, 281 " 282 Singapore, 283 and the Pacific, 270 ' 284 have been surveyed for predator deterrent activity in laboratory assays against a generalist predator or in field assays against natural assemblages of reef fishes. The earliest survey demonstrated that approximately 60% of the extracts tested deterred feeding by Thalassoma bifasciatum at natural concentrations determined as the percentage of dry mass.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The earliest survey demonstrated that approximately 60% of the extracts tested deterred feeding by Thalassoma bifasciatum at natural concentrations determined as the percentage of dry mass. 281 Recently, O'Neal and Pawlik 282 repeated this survey of the crude extracts and sclerites from Caribbean gorgonians reporting that 100% of the extracts assayed deterred T. bifaciatum.. O'Neal and Pawlik 282 attributed the disparity to two changes in the experimental methods: (1) extracting samples immediately and (2) assaying samples at natural volumetric concentration, an assay technique developed by Harvell et al 34 to account for the variation in volume of water in the gorgonian tissue. In the previous study, 281 gorgonian samples were dried in the sun for later extraction and assays were conducted with krill by incorporating extracts at natural gravimetric concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…281 Recently, O'Neal and Pawlik 282 repeated this survey of the crude extracts and sclerites from Caribbean gorgonians reporting that 100% of the extracts assayed deterred T. bifaciatum.. O'Neal and Pawlik 282 attributed the disparity to two changes in the experimental methods: (1) extracting samples immediately and (2) assaying samples at natural volumetric concentration, an assay technique developed by Harvell et al 34 to account for the variation in volume of water in the gorgonian tissue. In the previous study, 281 gorgonian samples were dried in the sun for later extraction and assays were conducted with krill by incorporating extracts at natural gravimetric concentrations. Koh et al 2Si and Eve 284 employed similar methods to those of O'Neal and Pawlik 282 when surveying 8 species of gorgonians from Singapore and 65 species from the Pacific, respectively, and reported 100% success in feeding deterrence by the crude extracts that were assayed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms

2004

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“…267 This mixture included two new furanocembranoids, 7-acetoxy-hydroxylophotoxin 76 and 3-methoxy-8-hydroxylophotoxin 77 and the known compounds, lophotoxin 78, deoxylophotoxin 79 and 13-acetoxy-11P, 12P-epoxypukalide 80. Crude extracts from common species of gorgonians collected in the Caribbean, 281 " 282 Singapore, 283 and the Pacific, 270 ' 284 have been surveyed for predator deterrent activity in laboratory assays against a generalist predator or in field assays against natural assemblages of reef fishes. The earliest survey demonstrated that approximately 60% of the extracts tested deterred feeding by Thalassoma bifasciatum at natural concentrations determined as the percentage of dry mass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%