Patterns of Drinking Initiation Among Latino Youths: Cognitive and Contextual Explanations of the Immigrant Paradox

Bacio, Guadalupe A.; Ray, Lara A.

doi:10.1080/1067828x.2016.1153553

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The phrase the “immigrant paradox” is a construct related to a phenomenon in which first-generation immigrants exhibit better biopsychosocial outcomes, including lower rates of substance use, than do their native-born peers or second (third and fourth) immigrant generations, despite often living in worse socioeconomic conditions (Bui, 2013; Salas-Wright et al, 2014; Bacio and Ray, 2016). Also, more recent immigrants are generally found to consume less alcohol and to exhibit less excessive drinking than established immigrants and members of native-born populations (Szaflarski et al, 2011; Lee et al, 2013; Sudhinaraset et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration Status and Substance Use Disorder-related Mortality in Sweden: A National Longitudinal Registry Study

Lundgren

Padyab

Lucero

et al. 2019

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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Objectives:First-generation immigrants, in many countries, are healthier than their native counterparts. This study examined the association between first- and second-generation immigrant status and alcohol- or drugs other than alcohol-related (primarily opioids) mortality for those with risky substance use.Methods:A Swedish longitudinal, 2003 to 2017, registry study combined Addiction Severity Index (ASI) assessment data with mortality data (n = 15 601). Due to missing data, the analysis sample for this study was 15 012. Multivariate models tested the relationship between immigration status and drugs other than alcohol or alcohol-related mortality, controlling for demographics and the 7 ASI composite scores (CS).Results:Age, a higher ASI CS for alcohol, a lower ASI CS family and social relationship, a lower ASI CS for drug use and a higher ASI CS for health significantly predicted mortality because of alcohol-related causes. Higher ASI CS for drugs other than alcohol, employment, and health, age, male sex, and immigration status predicted drugs other than alcohol, related mortality. Individuals born in Nordic countries, excluding Sweden, were 1.76 times more likely to die of drugs other than alcohol compared with their Swedish counterparts. Individuals born outside a Nordic country (most common countries: Iran, Somalia, Iraq, Chile) were 61% less likely to die of drugs other than alcohol compared with their Swedish counterparts. Those with parents born outside Nordic countries were 54% less likely to die of drugs other than alcohol.Discussion:Research is needed on why people with risky substance use from Nordic countries (not Sweden) residing in Sweden, have higher mortality rates because of drugs other than alcohol (primarily opioids drugs other than alcohol compared with the other population groups in our study). Findings indicate that ASI CSs are strong predictors of future health problems including mortality due to alcohol and other drug-related causes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration Status and Substance Use Disorder-related Mortality in Sweden: A National Longitudinal Registry Study

Lundgren

Padyab

Lucero

et al. 2019

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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“…Acculturation-related factors, including language preferences, ethnic affiliations, cultural values, and acculturative stress had been shown to be linked to the alcohol immigrant paradox (e.g., Alamilla et al, 2020;Eitle et al, 2009;Gil et al, 2000;see Lui & Zamboanga, 2018b for review). Other findings indicated that peers' substance use, family cohesion, parental MEXICAN IMMIGRANT PARADOX IN ALCOHOL USE 8 involvement, and personal valuation of the negative drinking-related consequences accounted for nativity differences in alcohol use outcomes among Latinx youth (Bacio & Ray, 2016;Maldonado-Molina et al, 2011;Salas-Wright et al, 2016). The state of the science highlighted the importance of exploring the roles of individual and subgroup characteristics and experiences to better understand the nativity differences in alcohol involvement.…”

Section: Immigrant Paradox Of Alcohol Use Among Latinx Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the alcohol immigrant paradox: Perspectives from Mexican American adults.

Lui¹,

Tsong²,

Pham³

et al. 2021

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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Native-born Latinx Americans are at greater risk for alcohol use and misuse than their foreignborn peers (i.e., the alcohol immigrant paradox). To understand this phenomenon, we conducted a qualitative study with Mexican American adults in the community to explore their perspectives on reasons that may explain the alcohol immigrant paradox. Community adults from the Southwest United States were recruited to participate in the present focus group study (N = 32, Mage = 32.8, 63.0% women). Participants shared their observations, beliefs, and lived experiences regarding alcohol use and misuse during in-person semi-structured interviews. Using a combination of grounded theory and consensual qualitative research approaches, we identified three key themes that illuminated Mexican Americans' perspectives regarding factors that may underlie the immigrant paradox in alcohol involvement: (1) exposure to risks in the U.S., (2) loss of Mexican values that are protective against alcohol misuse, and (3) deterrents specific to immigrants. Participants' perceptions for reasons that explain nativity differences in alcohol use were consistent with erosion theory. To the effect of considering negative drinking-related social consequences, participants indicated that this nativity difference also may explain the immigrant paradox in alcohol involvement. This type of immigrant-specific deterrents to engaging in (hazardous) drinking is not currently represented in the literature. New knowledge gleaned from Mexican Americans' perspectives can inform future research that examines the possible mechanisms and moderating conditions that underlie the alcohol immigrant paradox.

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“…In addition, these differences map on to differences in drinking behaviors by immigrant generation among youth (23,24,35) and adults [e.g., (25)] that reflect the immigrant paradox in drinking patterns. While we could not test explanations of this paradox directly, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to risky behavioral norms and behaviors inherent in youth environments in the U.S. helps explain why first-generation youth report less risky drinking behaviors than later generations (23,24,35). For example, studies have shown that immigrant youth have peer networks that are less prone to drink because they are more likely to have friends who are also immigrants due to placements based on English proficiency at school and a preference for Spanish speaking peers (74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Changing Drinking Cognitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data indicate that 38% of the Latinx community are first-generation immigrants and only 34% are second-generation immigrant (U.S.-born of parents born in Latin America), while 28% are third-and-later generation immigrant [U.S.-born youth of Latin American ancestry whose parents are U.S.-born; (22)]. First-generation Latinx youth have been found to be less likely to start drinking in adolescence than their second-generation (23,24) and third-and-later generation counterparts (23). Once first-generation youth begin drinking, they seem to drink at the same rate as second generation teens, but first-and second-generation youth report less problematic drinking than their third-and-later generation counterparts (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have suggested that youth environments in the U.S. are risky and that increased exposure to risky behaviors and norms explains the immigrant paradox through factors such as association with deviant peers [e.g., (34)(35)(36)]. Studies that have tested multiple explanatory hypotheses simultaneously have shown that both the increased association with substance-using peers across generations (23) and perceptions of peer drinking prevalence (24) help explain the increased likelihood of drinking initiation among U.S.born youth compared to their first-generation counterparts. In addition, the simultaneous generational decrease in family cohesion and increase in association with substance-using peers contribute to the exacerbation of problematic drinking observed among third-compared to second-and first-generation youth (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facilitating Change in Drinking Cognitions and Behaviors Among Three Immigrant Generations of Latinx Youth Through a School-Based Intervention: Findings From a Multi-Site Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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Latinx youth experience disparities in the availability of and participation in evidence-based interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to examine whether Project Options, a brief, evidence-based alcohol use intervention was beneficial for Latinx participants. A total of 331 first-, second-, and third-generation immigrant Latina and Latino youth who participated in a multi-site, hybrid effectiveness/efficacy clinical trial of the intervention were selected for analyses. Mixed-effects growth models tested changes in drinking cognitions (i.e., perception of peer drinking, intention to drink next month, alcohol use and cessation expectancies) and behaviors (i.e., number of past-month drinking days, average number of drinks per occasion, and maximum number of drinks per occasion) across three time points (i.e., baseline, 4-weeks, and 12-weeks). Consistent with prior Project Options studies, participants with more drinking experience reported greater decreases in perception of peer drinking, intentions to drink next month, and all drinking behaviors than those with less experience. While no changes were observed in expectancies, first-generation participants endorsed lower positive use expectancies than second- and third-generation youth as well as more favorable cessation expectancies than third-generation teens. In concert with prior studies demonstrating the intervention's success in recruitment and retention of Latinx participants, results suggest that Project Options might be a promising school-based intervention for Latinx youth. This intervention has the potential to reach adolescents who might otherwise not participate in traditional programming and help decrease disparities in availability of evidence-based practices for Latinx youth.

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Patterns of Drinking Initiation Among Latino Youths: Cognitive and Contextual Explanations of the Immigrant Paradox

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Immigration Status and Substance Use Disorder-related Mortality in Sweden: A National Longitudinal Registry Study

Immigration Status and Substance Use Disorder-related Mortality in Sweden: A National Longitudinal Registry Study

Explaining the alcohol immigrant paradox: Perspectives from Mexican American adults.

Facilitating Change in Drinking Cognitions and Behaviors Among Three Immigrant Generations of Latinx Youth Through a School-Based Intervention: Findings From a Multi-Site Clinical Trial

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