Patterns of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in an epidemiological sample of Chinese earthquake survivors: A latent profile analysis

Cao, Xing; Wang, Li; Cao, Chengqi; Zhang, Jianxin; Liu, Ping; Zhang, Biao; Wu, Qi; Zhao, Hong; Zhao, Zhihong; Fan, Gaolin; Elhai, Jon D.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.058

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Extensive research demonstrates that both adolescents and adults are vulnerable to depression following a natural disaster (Bonanno et al, 2010) and that post-disaster, depressed-presentations may be more severe and functionally impairing compared to a PTSD response (Cao et al, 2015). In sum, we found that individual characteristics, as opposed to disaster-related stressors, better forecasted depression outcomes in both adolescents and adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two common, and the most well-studied, forms of post-trauma mental health outcomes are posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Bonde et al, 2016; Norris et al, 2002). After some support that PTSD and depression may be contributing to a shared traumatic response (Au et al, 2013; O’Donell et al, 2004), extant research suggests these trauma responses to be distinct (Cao et al, 2015; Grant et al, 2008; Gros et al, 2010). In a recent community sample, Cao and colleagues (2015) identified four response patterns in the aftermath of a natural disaster: (1) minimal symptoms, (2) predominately depression, (3) predominately PTSD, and (4) comorbid PTSD and depression.…”

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After some support that PTSD and depression may be contributing to a shared traumatic response (Au et al, 2013; O’Donell et al, 2004), extant research suggests these trauma responses to be distinct (Cao et al, 2015; Grant et al, 2008; Gros et al, 2010). In a recent community sample, Cao and colleagues (2015) identified four response patterns in the aftermath of a natural disaster: (1) minimal symptoms, (2) predominately depression, (3) predominately PTSD, and (4) comorbid PTSD and depression. Of note, individuals with a predominately depressed presentation represented approximately one-fifth of the community sample (and 40% of those presenting with symptoms), and reported more somatic complaints and elevated levels of interpersonal problems compared to those characterized by PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings may reflect the need to have developmentally-sensitive screening procedures for depression following a natural disaster. Given the deleterious impact of depression and risk of suicide following a natural disaster (Cao et al, 2015; Kolves, Kolves, & De Leo, 2013), improved methods for detecting depressive symptoms across the lifespan following such an event is of critical importance.…”

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults

Cohen

Adams

Menon

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background The present study’s aim was to provide the foundation for an efficient, empirically based protocol for depression screening following a natural disaster. Utilizing a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analytic approach, the study tested a) what specific disaster-related stressors (i.e., property damage, loss of basic services) and individual-related constructs (i.e., PTSD symptoms, trauma history, social support) conveyed the greatest risk for post-natural disaster depression, b) specific cutoff scores across these measures, and c) whether the significance or cutoff scores for each construct varied between adolescents and adults. Methods Structured phone-based clinical interviews were conducted with 2,000 adolescents who lived through a tornado and 1,543 adults who survived a hurricane. Results Findings suggested that in both adolescents and adults, individual-related constructs forecasted greater risk for depressive symptoms following a natural disaster compared to disaster-related stressors. Furthermore, trauma history and PTSD symptoms were particularly strong indicators for adolescent depressive symptoms compared to adult depressive symptoms. Adolescents and adults who reported vulnerable scores for social support, trauma history, and lifetime PTSD symptoms were approximately twice as likely to present as depressed following the natural disaster. Limitations Findings from the present study were limited to post-disaster assessments and based on self-reported functioning 6–12 months following the natural disaster. Conclusions The present study synthesizes the extensive body of research on post-disaster functioning by providing a clear framework for which questions may be most important to ask when screening for depression following a natural disaster.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-disaster Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults

Cohen

Adams

Menon

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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show abstract

“…Cao et al (2015) studied PTSD factor scores and depression factor scores and found evidence for four subtypes distinguished by either low symptoms, primarily depression, primarily PTSD, or a combined symptomatology. In a study of children exposed to Hurricane Katrina, Lai, Kelley, Harrison, Thompson, and Self-Brown (2015) examined PTSD symptom severity, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarity in symptom patterns of posttraumatic stress among disaster-survivors: a three-step latent profile analysis

Bondjers

Willebrand

Arnberg

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Individuals express symptoms of posttraumatic stress in various ways, noted for example in the many symptom combinations in the diagnostic manuals. Studies aiming to examine differences of symptom presentations by extracting latent classes or profiles indicate both the presence of subtypes with differing symptomatology and subtypes distinguished by severity levels. Few studies have examined subtype associations with long-term outcomes.Objective: The current study aimed to apply latent profile analysis on posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a highly homogenous sample of Swedish tourists exposed to the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami and to examine if classes differed in their long-term outcome.Methods: An latent profile analysis was conducted using self-report data collected one year after the disaster from 1638 highly exposed survivors that endorsed ≥ 1 symptom of PTS. Associations were examined between the classes and predictors of PTS (loss of a relative or friend, subjective life threat) and levels of PTS at a three-year follow up.Results: The latent profile analysis indicated four classes: minimal, low, moderate, and severe symptoms. The classes were distinguished mainly by their levels of PTS. Loss of a relative or friend and subjective life threat were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to any other class than the minimal class. The severity level of the classes at one year were predictive of PTS severity at the three-year follow-up.Conclusions: Homogeneous profiles of posttraumatic stress differing mainly in symptom severity were found in this sample of disaster survivors. Profile diversity may be related to sample variation and unmeasured confounders rather than reflect qualitatively different disorders.

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The role of negative cognitions in co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: Examination of interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma survivors

et al. 2020

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Objective To examine negative cognitions underlying both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following trauma. Method A mixed‐gender motor vehicle accident (N = 297, Mage = 43.49 years) sample and a female intimate partner violence (N = 242, Mage = 36.95 years) sample was cross‐sectionally studied at research clinics of two universities. Results When diagnostic groups (PTSD+/−, depression+/−) were studied, no significant interactions were noted for any of the three forms of negative cognitions (negative thoughts about the self, negative thoughts about the world, and self‐blame) in either sample. When continuous ratings of PTSD and depression were studied, the results showed that negative thoughts about the self were linked to both PTSD and depression. Conclusion Findings suggest that it may be beneficial to target negative thoughts about the self when treating PTSD and depression together.

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Patterns of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in an epidemiological sample of Chinese earthquake survivors: A latent profile analysis

Cited by 47 publications

References 63 publications

How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults

How should we screen for depression following a natural disaster? An ROC approach to post-disaster screening in adolescents and adults

Similarity in symptom patterns of posttraumatic stress among disaster-survivors: a three-step latent profile analysis

The role of negative cognitions in co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: Examination of interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma survivors

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