Patterns of Early Labor Force Participation of American Women

Lassalle, Ann D.; Spokane, Arnold R.

doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.1987.tb00481.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although more women than ever work outside of the home, the wage gap between the sexes continues. Many women continue to choose a discontinuous career pattern to accommodate the needs of their families although significant occupational advancement often requires more persistent and intensive work involvement over time (Lassalle & Spokane, 1987). In addition, men now help more around the house, yet that is exactly what they tend to do-help-while the major responsibility continues to rest with women (e.g., Kmnier, Katz, & Berry, 1991;Pleck, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Gendered Context of Life: Implications for Women's and Men's Career‐Life Plans

Cook

1993

The Career Development Quart

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Some recent perspectives on gender differences in life and career planning are discussed, focusing on the gendered context of women's and men's lives. Men and women tend to develop different orientations regarding occupational achievement and interpersonal relationships. These orientations interact with broader sociocultural norms for the sexes' behavior to produce different life-style opportunities and demands. Work environments also embody broadly accepted assumptions and expectations for men and women, affecting the choices and expectations they face in the work place.A comfortable fiction held by many people today is that the differences between the sexes are rapidly disappearing, and that in a short time we will be free to be ourselves as individuals, regardless of our biological sex. The media are fond of reinforcing this fiction by pointing to female political candidates and male nurses; men gaining custody of their children and women gaining custody of a small piece of corporate turf; commercials portraying women airline pilots and sensitive-looking men holding children.The main thesis of this article is that the gender-based differentiation of our society is as robust as ever, with such changes as those noted above sigmfymg evolution rather than revolution. Career development professionals recognize this reality because women's participation in the labor force typically differs radically from men's (Betz & Fitzgerald,

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confidence: 99%

The Gendered Context of Life: Implications for Women's and Men's Career‐Life Plans

Cook

1993

The Career Development Quart

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“…In general, men progress at a faster pace, progress further in their careers, and obtain greater increases in salary (Phillips & Imhoff, 1997;Schneer & Reitman, 1995). Lassalle and Spokane (1987) researched the labor force participation patterns of men and women and found that steady labor force participation was related to occupational progression. Because the labor force participation of women is more likely to be interrupted by the demands of marriage, pregnancy, and child care, women tend to have lower seniority (Cox & Harquail, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Social Activism on the Occupational Experience, Locus of Control, and Well-Being of Black Midlife Women

Lee

2004

Journal of Black Psychology

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The purpose of this study was to address the confluence of social activism, occupational experience, and overall well-being in midlife Black college-educated women. The participants included 205 Black women who graduated from a historically Black university between the years of 1958 and 1968. This study of educated Black midlife women resulted in a number of suggestive findings. The structural equation model supported the relationship between social activism and occupational experience in this sample of women.

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“…It is well-known that most women experience interruptions in their careers, especially during their prime childbearing years (Fitzgerald & Betz, 1983;Lassalle & Spokane, 1987;Peterson, 1985;Rosenfeld, 1979;Vetter 1978). In addition, this phase of the career traditionally involved settling on a career and building it.…”

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confidence: 99%

Moving beyond women's career choices: Factors associated with career continuity among female former art students

Stohs

1991

J Career Dev

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In 1987, Betz and Fitzgerald identified four general categories (individual, educational, background and adult lifestyle) and 17 specific components therein that facilitated women's career choices. They noted, for instance, that a combination of variables such as high ability and high self esteem (individual), as well as a working mother and early work experience (background), higher education (educational) combined with no marriage and no or few children (adult lifestyle), constituted several of the critical influences acting on a woman's selection of a career.The factors identified by Betz and Fitzgerald are certainly important for advising women who are making career choices. However, the career counseling discipline appears ready (Harmon & Farmer, 1983) to move beyond issues of career choice and face its next challenge. That challenge revolves around the issue of career continuity (i.e., career patterns over time). At this time, knowledge of the factors that sustain careers may be more central to refining and extending our models of women's careers than knowing which factors facilitate choice.One way to meet this challenge is to assess the usefulness of the variables in the Betz and Fitzgerald model in regard to career continuity. The present study examines career patterns in relation to particular aspects of the model's individual, background and the adult lifestyle categories.

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Patterns of Early Labor Force Participation of American Women

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The Gendered Context of Life: Implications for Women's and Men's Career‐Life Plans

The Gendered Context of Life: Implications for Women's and Men's Career‐Life Plans

The Effects of Social Activism on the Occupational Experience, Locus of Control, and Well-Being of Black Midlife Women

Moving beyond women's career choices: Factors associated with career continuity among female former art students

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