Patterns of Excitation and Inhibition in Picture Naming

Vitkovitch, Melanie

doi:10.1080/713756730

Cited by 19 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our evidence for competitive intrusions and against competitor suppression replicates findings from the tip-of-the-tongue state (when one knows the meaning of a word but cannot retrieve its form), which suggest that tip-ofthe-tongue is due to competition between an activated target and competitors (Meyer & Bock, 1992;Perfect & Hanley, 1992) as opposed to inhibition of the target from competitors (Jones, 1989). Our evidence also replicates earlier findings from primed, speeded naming studies with nonaphasic speakers (Vitkovitch & Humphreys, 1991;Vitkovitch et al, 1993;Vitkovitch et al, 1996), thereby lending confidence to the generality of findings across paradigms and subject populations.…”

Section: Nature Of the Semantic Blocking Effectsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The examination of error types can be more revealing, but nonaphasic speakers normally produce too few errors to support such analyses. Requiring them to name pictures quickly is one way around this problem; Vitkovitch and colleaguesÕ use of speeded naming in several experiments provides the strongest evidence to date for ''too much excitation'' (Vitkovitch & Humphreys, 1991;Vitkovitch et al, 1993;Vitkovitch, Kirby, & Tyrrell, 1996;Vitkovitch, Rutter, & Read, 2001). However, speeded naming may not be sensitive to inhibitory effects that take time to develop or dissipate rapidly between trials (e.g.…”

Section: Alternative Accounts Of Semantic Blockingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Aphasic speakers generate sufficient errors even when naming at their natural pace. Moreover, the blocked-cyclic paradigm affords the potential for inhibitory processes that are normally transient to grow and build across cyclic repetitions (for empirical evidence of transient inhibitory effects with semantic blocking, see Campbell & Clark, 1989;Vitkovitch et al, 1996;Vitkovitch et al, 2001). For these reasons, we believe that the analysis of aphasic errors in blocked-cyclic naming presents the ideal circumstance for testing differential predictions of excitation and inhibition accounts.…”

Section: Alternative Accounts Of Semantic Blockingmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Semantic interference during blocked-cyclic naming: Evidence from aphasia☆

Schnur

Schwartz

Brecher

et al. 2006

Journal of Memory and Language

263

349

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Section: Nature Of the Semantic Blocking Effectsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Alternative Accounts Of Semantic Blockingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Alternative Accounts Of Semantic Blockingmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Semantic interference during blocked-cyclic naming: Evidence from aphasia☆

Schnur

Schwartz

Brecher

et al. 2006

Journal of Memory and Language

263

349

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“…Further, priming studies have shown that the intertrial interval (ITI) between the prime and the target has implications for the processsing time of the target. With short ITIsöup to 500 msöthe prime has a facilitatory e¡ect but with longer intervals there is inhibition (Brown 1981;Blaxton & Neely 1983;Vitkovitch et al 1996). For example, Brown (1981) demonstrated that naming times increased as subjects named a series of pictures from the same category, although little interference was seen in the ¢rst few trials.…”

Section: (C) Inverted U-shaped Dependenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal dynamics of reading: a PET study

Price

Friston

1997

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The temporal dynamics of evoked brain responses are normally characterized using electrophysiological techniques but the positron emission tomography study presented here revealed a temporal aspect of reading by correlating the duration a word remained in the visual ¢eld with evoked haemodynamic response. Three distinct types of e¡ects were observed: in visual processing areas, there were linear increases in activity with duration suggesting that visual processing endures throughout the time the stimulus remains in the visual ¢eld. In right hemisphere areas, there were monotonic decreases in activity with increased duration which we relate to decreased attention for longer stimulus durations. In left hemisphere word processing areas there were inverted U-shaped dependencies between activity and word duration indicating that, after 400^600 ms, activity in word processing areas is progressively reduced if the word remains in the visual ¢eld. We conclude that these inverted U e¡ects in left hemisphere language areas re£ect the temporal dynamics of visual word processing and we highlight the implication of these e¡ects for the design of activation studies involving reading. I N T RO DUC T IONThe aim of this work was to characterize the haemodynamic responses evoked by visually presented words as a function of the duration they remain in the visual ¢eld. These e¡ects of stimulus duration are distinct from those of presentation rate (frequency) where the number of words presented per unit time is changed but the duration of each word is held constant. Previous studies manipulating stimulus duration on words and falsefonts (Price et al. 1994(Price et al. , 1996a have demonstrated that when stimuli remain in the visual ¢eld for 1000 ms relative to 150 ms, there is enhanced activation in visual processing areas and, for words only, there is decreased activation in temporal and frontal word processing areas. The contrasting e¡ects of stimulus duration suggest functional specialization in the di¡ering cortical regions. Further, the counter-intuitive observation that responses in temporal and frontal word processing regions are greater when word presentation is brief (150 ms) relative to when the same words remain in the visual ¢eld for longer periods of time (1000 ms), may be indicative of the time course of word processing. This hypothesis motivated a more detailed investigation of the relationship between evoked activity and the length of time a word remains in the visual ¢eld.Three di¡erent explanations for the decreased activity in word processing regions with longer word durations have been considered. One specious argument is that there are additional e¡ects with short durations which re£ect cognitive processes other than those related to word processing. Such`irrelevant processing' would occur during the longer interstimulus intervals associated with short relative to long durations (the rate of presentation being constant). This explanation can be discounted because it predicts similar e¡ects when the interstimulus...

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“…There are various ways of accounting for refractory effects within models of object naming. Refractory behaviour may result from temporary inhibition of the representation of a just-produced item and its closely related semantic competitors (spreading inhibition; Vitkovitch, Kirby, & Tyrell, 1996;Vitkovitch, Rutter, & Read, 2001). Alternatively, refractory effects may be induced when a just-produced item and its associated feature nodes maintain high levels of activation such that the item acts as a potent competitor in the subsequent selection of related lexical entries (spreading activation; Forde & Humphreys, 1997).…”

Section: Lexical-semantic Activation and Selection In Word Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory effects in picture naming as assessed in a semantic blocking paradigm

Belke

Meyer

Damian

2005

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

228

308

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In the cyclic semantic blocking paradigm participants repeatedly name sets of objects with semantically related names ( homogeneous sets) or unrelated names ( heterogeneous sets). The naming latencies are typically longer in related than in unrelated sets. In Experiment 1 we replicated this semantic blocking effect and demonstrated that the effect only arose after all objects of a set had been shown and named once. In Experiment 2, the objects of a set were presented simultaneously (instead of on successive trials). Evidence for semantic blocking was found in the naming latencies and in the gaze durations for the objects, which were longer in homogeneous than in heterogeneous sets. For the gaze-to-speech lag between the offset of gaze on an object and the onset of the articulation of its name, a repetition priming effect was obtained but no blocking effect. Experiment 3 showed that the blocking effect for speech onset latencies generalized to new, previously unnamed lexical items. We propose that the blocking effect is due to refractory behaviour in the semantic system.

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Patterns of Excitation and Inhibition in Picture Naming

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Semantic interference during blocked-cyclic naming: Evidence from aphasia☆

Semantic interference during blocked-cyclic naming: Evidence from aphasia☆

The temporal dynamics of reading: a PET study

Refractory effects in picture naming as assessed in a semantic blocking paradigm

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