Patterns of expression of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in mammalian tissues. I. Human and bovine hair follicles

Heid, Hans; Moll, Ingrid; Franke, Werner W.

doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00805.x

Cited by 238 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Expression of epidermal CK 8 and 19 has been described for the outer root sheath, the medulla, and the bulbar region of hair follicles, whereas CK 14 and 17 are expressed in the inner root sheath. Matrical cells and peripapillary cone and hair shaft cells, however, express only trichogenic hair keratins (8). The malignant proliferation showed only rudimentary trichogenic differentiation (cell balls) and no reaction with epidermal markers in paraffin-embedded material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies (Ab) to S-100, HMB45, vimentin, individual cytokeratin (CK) polypeptides 5,6,7,8,18, and 19; pankeratin; p53; bcl-2 oncogene (all from DAKO Corp., Carpinteria, CA); CK 14 (Novacastra, Newcastle, UK); CK 17 (Progen, Heidelberg, Germany); and p-glycoprotein (MDR-1 gene product; Immunotech, Marseille, France), using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method according to standard protocols with the appropriate positive and negative controls. Indirect immunofluorescence was performed on frozen tissue of the axillary mass and liver metastasis with antiserum to type I (gp 19) and type II (gp 16) human hair keratins (8) (generous gift of Prof. W.W. Franke, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichoblastic Carcinoma (“Malignant Trichoblastoma”) with Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastases

et al. 2000

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We report an aggressively behaving malignant trichogenic tumor arising in a trichoblastoma (TB) with widespread lymphatic and hematogenous metastases in a 55-year-old man with a concomitant B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The primary tumor had been present and unchanged for as long as 40 years before excision. Typical trichogenic TB with dystrophic calcification and even ossification was still present peripheral to the malignant transformation. The malignant neoplasm consisted of basaloid cells, spindle cells arranged in fascicles and densely packed rounded nests or "cell balls." The metastases consisted of immature basaloid cells and cell balls, and the recurrences became successively more undifferentiated. The residual TB reacted with antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 6, 8, 14, and 17 and focally to S-100; the malignant primary tumor reacted uniformly with antibodies to vimentin and only focally with antibodies to CK and S-100. The metastatic tumor had lost epidermal CK expression but maintained expression of S-100 in paraffin-embedded tissues. Trichoblastic differentiation was confirmed in frozen tissues with antibodies to hair keratins. No expression of p53 or bcl-2 was identified, but p-glycoprotein (MDR-1 gene related) was expressed by primary and metastatic tumor cells. We believe that this neoplasm is best classified as a trichoblastic carcinoma arising in a TB in association with a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This case illustrates that TBs have the potential for malignant transformation and aggressive behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoblastic Carcinoma (“Malignant Trichoblastoma”) with Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastases

et al. 2000

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“…The mature IRS cells are packed with KIF that become highly aligned along the long axis of the cell and are separated by 1-2 filament diameters by a less densely staining matrix of THH (2,6,(11)(12)(13). The medulla, however, contains few if any KIF (11,14). In the terminally differentiated medulla cells within the mature hair fiber, the THH protein becomes dispersed as amorphous vacuolated deposits before the fiber emerges from the skin surface (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Fate of Trichohyalin

Tarcsa

Marekov

Andreoli

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

135

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Trichohyalin (THH) is a major structural protein of the inner root sheath cells and medulla layer of the hair follicle and, to a lesser extent, of other specialized epithelia. THH is a high molecular weight insoluble ␣-helixrich protein that forms rigid structures as a result of postsynthetic modifications by two Ca 2؉ -dependent enzymes, transglutaminases (TGases) (protein cross-linking) and peptidyl-arginine deiminase (conversion of arginines to citrullines with loss of organized structure). The modified THH is thought to serve as a keratin intermediate filament matrix protein and/or as a constituent of the cell envelope. In this paper, we have explored in vitro the order of processing of THH to fulfill these functions, using an expressed truncated, more soluble form THH-8. THH-8 is a complete substrate for three known TGases expressed in epithelia, but the kinetic efficiency with TGase 3 is by far the greatest. Following maximal conversion of its arginines to citrullines, THH-8 is cross-linked even more efficiently by TGase 3, using most glutamines partially and all lysines. In addition, we show that insoluble aggregates of THH-8 or native pig tongue THH can be solubilized following peptidyl-arginine deiminase modification. Together, these data suggest an in vivo model in which THH located in insoluble cytoplasmic droplets is first modified by peptidyl-arginine deiminase which denatures it and makes it more soluble. This renders it available for efficient cross-linking by TGase 3 to form highly crosslinked rigid structures in the cells. This temporal order of reaction is supported by the observation that THH is expressed in hair follicle cells before the TGase 3 enzyme.

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“…The hair keratin family is composed of four major type I (Hal-4) and type II keratins. and a minor pair (Hax and Hbx) (Heid et al, 1988). Recently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of a truncated form of hHb1 hair keratin in human breast carcinomas

Régnier

Boulay²,

Asch³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary Human hHbl beings to the type 11 hard keratin family and is physiologically expressed in hair shafts. In the present study, using specific 3' and 5' probes for hHbl, we established that breast carcinomas ectopically express a hHbl 5'-truncated mRNA, and that this transcript is restricted to malignant epithelial cells. Furthernore, an in vitro study indicated that it could be twanslated. We concluded that, in breast carcinomas, expression of truncated hHbl is related to epithial cell transformation. Because the hHbl gene maps to 12q11-q13, a chromosome region known to present several breakpoints in solid tumours, we propose that the hHbl gene might represent a target for such alterations.

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Patterns of expression of trichocytic and epithelial cytokeratins in mammalian tissues. I. Human and bovine hair follicles

Cited by 238 publications

References 61 publications

Trichoblastic Carcinoma (“Malignant Trichoblastoma”) with Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastases

Trichoblastic Carcinoma (“Malignant Trichoblastoma”) with Lymphatic and Hematogenous Metastases

The Fate of Trichohyalin

Expression of a truncated form of hHb1 hair keratin in human breast carcinomas

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