Patterns of frailty in non-adults from medieval London

Yaussy, Samantha L.; DeWitte, Sharon N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.008

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Attempts have been made to quantify a skeletal frailty index to explore levels of stress and health and survivorship (e.g., Marklein et al, 2016; Marklein & Crews, 2017); however, these require relatively complete skeletons and can still be an imperfect representation of past frailty. Paleodemographic analyses that incorporate various skeletal indicators of stress or disruptions to growth and development can also be used to assess frailty (e.g., DeWitte, 2014; Yaussy & DeWitte, 2018); however, given the complex etiology of these skeletal indicators, it can be difficult to interpret their meaning in the past (Pilloud & Schwitalla, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

Stull

Corron

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives A fundamental assumption in biological anthropology is that living individuals will present with different growth than non‐survivors of the same population. The aim is to address the question of whether growth and development data of non‐survivors are reflective of the biological consequences of selective mortality and/or stress. Materials and Methods The study compares dental development and skeletal growth collected from radiographic images of contemporary samples of living and deceased individuals from the United States (birth to 20 years) and South Africa (birth to 12 years). Further evaluation of deceased individuals is used to explore differential patterns among manners of death (MOD). Results Results do not show any significant differences in skeletal growth or dental development between living and deceased individuals. However, in the South African deceased sample the youngest individuals exhibited substantially smaller diaphyseal lengths than the living sample, but by 2 years of age the differences were negligible. In the US sample, neither significant nor substantial differences were found in dental development or diaphyseal length according to MOD and age (>2 years of age), though some long bones in individuals <2 years of age did show significant differences. No significant differences were noted in diaphyseal length according to MOD and age in the SA sample. Discussion The current findings refute the idea that contemporary deceased and living individuals would present with differential growth and development patterns through all of ontogeny as well as the assumptions linking short stature, poor environments, and MOD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

Stull

Corron

et al. 2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Thus, for all analyses in this study, the minimum age for inclusion in the sample is 15 years. Previous bioarchaeological studies have suggested that non-adults in England were at the greatest risk of death during the medieval period, generally (Lewis, 2016), and during famines, specifically (Yaussy and DeWitte, 2018).…”

Section: Age Estimationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous research on famine mortality patterns in medieval London revealed significant associations between skeletal makers of developmental stress (linear enamel hypoplasia and short achieved adult stature) and burial in famine contexts, suggesting that people who experienced physiological stress early in life were subsequently more likely to die during episodes of medieval famine than would have been true under normal ("attritional") mortality conditions (DeWitte & Yaussy, 2017;Yaussy & DeWitte, 2018;Yaussy, DeWitte, & Redfern, 2016). Further, previous analysis of sex differences in risks of adult mortality under famine and normal mortality conditions (Yaussy et al, 2016) found that prior to the Black Death in London (c. 1349-1350), adult males and females experienced similar risks of mortality under both famine and attritional conditions, but that after the epidemic, adult males experienced lower risks of mortality in the context of attritional (but not famine) mortality conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in adult famine mortality in medieval London

DeWitte

Yaussy

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…By evaluating the association between LEH prevalence and mean age‐at‐death, bioarchaeologists have demonstrated that individuals with childhood stress in precolonial North America experienced decreased longevity (Cook & Buikstra, 1979; Goodman & Armelagos, 1988; Smith, Kurtenback, & Vermaat, 2016; Wilson, 2014). Recent comparative studies of catastrophic and attritional burials identified an association between LEH presence and increased mortality during epidemic and famine events, indicating that early exposure to stress could have lifelong ramifications on morbidity and mortality‐as reflected by earlier ages‐at‐death (Temple, 2014; Yaussy & DeWitte, 2018; Yaussy, DeWitte, & Redfern, 2016). A comparatively higher prevalence of LEH may also reflect resource scarcity or a genetic predisposition to stress‐related conditions, leading to a lifelong struggle and early mortality (Armelagos et al, 2009; Duray, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating life history trade‐offs through the presence of linear enamel hypoplasia at Pueblo Bonito and Hawikku: A biocultural study of early life stress and survival in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest

Ham

Temple

Klaus

et al. 2020

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Due to the indelible nature of enamel, bioarchaeologists use linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) to detect early investments in surviving stress and have identified an association between LEH presence and constraints in growth and maintenance as well as an increased susceptibility to future stress events. This study evaluates heterogenous frailty and susceptibility to death in relation to episodes of early life stress, as reflected by LEH presence, in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest. This study hypothesizes that LEH presence will be associated with decreased survivorship and an increased likelihood of mortality in both samples. Materials and methods This study uses two samples, one from Pueblo Bonito (A.D. 800‐1200; n = 28) and the second from Hawikku (A.D. 1300‐1680; n = 103). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis with a log‐rank test was used to evaluate the effect of LEH presence on survivorship for the two samples. Results Survival analysis reveals statistically significant differences in mortality risk between individuals with and without LEH for the Hawikku sample, but no significant differences for the Pueblo Bonito sample. Conclusion The results demonstrate differences in the response to early life stress at the Hawikku and Pueblo Bonito sites, likely reflecting context. The Pueblo Bonito sample represents a high‐status group, and survival following LEH may be the result of cultural buffering. Hawikku dates to a period associated with increased levels of disease and malnutrition as well as Spanish colonization. This environment may have exacerbated mortality risk for individuals in the region who survived early life stress and signifies the consequences of European colonialism in the New World.

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Patterns of frailty in non-adults from medieval London

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples

Sex differences in adult famine mortality in medieval London

Evaluating life history trade‐offs through the presence of linear enamel hypoplasia at Pueblo Bonito and Hawikku: A biocultural study of early life stress and survival in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest

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