Patterns of Genetic Diversity at the Nine Forensically Approved STR Loci in the Indian Populations

Ranjan, Dutta; Reddy, B. Mohan; Chattopadhyay, P.; Kashyap, Vivek; Sun, Guoqiang; Deka, Ranjan

doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0002

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…2,11,[25][26][27] To test the concepts of Central Asian introduction of the Indian caste system 7 by Indo-Aryans, who plausibly and predominantly appointed themselves to castes of higher rank to legitimize and maintain their power on land, labor and resources; 14 and to test the rank-related West Eurasian admixture, 11,21 we chose the Brahmin class, occupying similar socioeconomic upper-most caste positions, and the schedule castes and tribals, occupying the lower-most positions in the Indian caste hierarchy, irrespective of linguistic and geographic affiliations within India, for an ideal comparative study.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system

et al. 2009

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Many major rival models of the origin of the Hindu caste system co-exist despite extensive studies, each with associated genetic evidences. One of the major factors that has still kept the origin of the Indian caste system obscure is the unresolved question of the origin of Y-haplogroup R1a1*, at times associated with a male-mediated major genetic influx from Central Asia or Eurasia, which has contributed to the higher castes in India. Y-haplogroup R1a1* has a widespread distribution and high frequency across Eurasia, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, with scanty reports of its ancestral (R*, R1* and R1a*) and derived lineages (R1a1a, R1a1b and R1a1c). To resolve these issues, we screened 621 Y-chromosomes (of Brahmins occupying the upper-most caste position and schedule castes/tribals occupying the lower-most positions) with 55 Y-chromosomal binary markers and seven Y-microsatellite markers and compiled an extensive dataset of 2809 Y-chromosomes (681 Brahmins, and 2128 tribals and schedule castes) for conclusions. A peculiar observation of the highest frequency (up to 72.22%) of Yhaplogroup R1a1* in Brahmins hinted at its presence as a founder lineage for this caste group. Further, observation of R1a1* in different tribal population groups, existence of Y-haplogroup R1a* in ancestors and extended phylogenetic analyses of the pooled dataset of 530 Indians, 224 Pakistanis and 276 Central Asians and Eurasians bearing the R1a1* haplogroup supported the autochthonous origin of R1a1 lineage in India and a tribal link to Indian Brahmins. However, it is important to discover novel Y-chromosomal binary marker(s) for a higher resolution of R1a1* and confirm the present conclusions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system

et al. 2009

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“…This element of uniqueness is employed for various purposes including forensic applications and other molecular tests, which are of clinical relevance. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] One of the utility is in evaluating chimerism in allogenic BMT, which is an important state which develop after engraftment. On the basis of chimerism we can know about the disease relapse, graft rejection or GVHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ApoB3′ hyper variable region in studying mixed chimerism and maternal contamination in North Indian populations

Khan

Phadke

Nityanand

et al. 2004

Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine

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“…However, the databases on these 13 loci are largely restricted to broadly defined population groups, such as US White, US Black, Hispanics. Although regional data from the United States have been compiled, 4,5 and allele frequency data from Europe are being made available through web site presentations (http://www.uni-Duesseldorf.de/WWW/MedFak/Serology; http://www.cstl.nist.gov/ biotech/strbase) in addition to occasional reports from some worldwide populations, 6 data from ethnically defined populations, particularly isolated populations with smaller effective sizes, are relatively scarce. Therefore, our knowledge remains limited as to whether population-related evolutionary forces, such as population bottlenecks and genetic drift among others, impact on the dynamics of these loci and consequently affects their forensic use in specific populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global genetic variation at nine short tandem repeat loci and implications on forensic genetics

et al. 2003

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We have studied genetic variation at nine autosomal short tandem repeat loci in 20 globally distributed human populations defined by geographic and ethnic origins, viz., African, Caucasian, Asian, Native American and Oceanic. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility and applicability of these nine loci in forensic analysis in worldwide populations. The levels of genetic variation measured by number of alleles, allele size variance and heterozygosity are high in all populations irrespective of their effective sizes. Single-as well as multi-locus genotype frequencies are in conformity with the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Further, alleles across the entire set of nine loci are mutually independent in all populations. Gene diversity analysis shows that pooling of population data by major geographic groupings does not introduce substructure effects beyond the levels recommended by the National Research Council, validating the establishment of population databases based on major geographic and ethnic groupings. A network tree based on genetic distances further supports this assertion, in which populations of common ancestry cluster together. With respect to the power of discrimination and exclusion probabilities, even the relatively reduced levels of genetic variation at these nine STR loci in smaller and isolated populations provide an exclusionary power over 99%. However, in paternity testing with unknown genotype of the mother, the power of exclusion could fall below 80% in some isolated populations, and in such cases use of additional loci supplementing the battery of the nine loci is recommended. European Journal of Human Genetics (2003Genetics ( ) 11, 39 -49. doi:10.1038 Keywords: forensic genetics; population genetics; STR database; forensic markers; parentage testing; Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium IntroductionThe remarkable progress made in DNA technology in the past decade has had an enormous impact on several disciplines, including forensic science. Identification of thousands of genetic markers, particularly the short tandem repeat (STR) loci, distributed throughout the human genome, and their analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques, tremendously augmented the efficiency in individual identification and determination of genetic relationships among individuals. Based on population genetic characteristics desired in forensic analysis, such as adherence to the expectations of Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and independence of alleles across loci, (viz., D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1P0, TPOX, TH01) have been established as the core genetic markers for use in DNA forensic analysis and parentage testing. 1,2 These developments together with the recommendations of the National Research Council (NRC) 3 with respect to statistical interpretation of DNA evidence, have been instrumental in the worldwide acceptance of DNA evidence in the criminal justice system. However, the databases on these 13 loci are largely...

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Patterns of Genetic Diversity at the Nine Forensically Approved STR Loci in the Indian Populations

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system

The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system

Use of ApoB3′ hyper variable region in studying mixed chimerism and maternal contamination in North Indian populations

Global genetic variation at nine short tandem repeat loci and implications on forensic genetics

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