Patterns of genome size variation in snapping shrimp

Jeffery, Nicholas W.; Hultgren, Kristin M.; Chak, Solomon T. C.; Gregory, T. Ryan; Rubenstein, Dustin R.

doi:10.1139/gen-2015-0206

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several processes may lead to genome enlargement or genome streamlining, which subsequently may affect a number of fitness‐related traits (Petrov, 2001), such as gene activity and cell size as well as metabolic rate, growth and body size, and thereby being subject to selection (Hessen, Daufresne, & Leinaas, 2013). Over evolutionary time these processes have led to clade‐specific differences in genome size at higher taxonomic levels as well as distinct variations among related species and even conspecific populations (i.e., in snapping shrimps in Jeffery, Hultgren, Chak, Gregory, and Rubenstein (2016a). Consequently, disentangling patterns of genome size variations at different taxonomic levels is highly relevant both to ecological and evolutionary theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome size in arthropods; different roles of phylogeny, habitat and life history in insects and crustaceans

Alfsnes

Leinaas

Hessen

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Despite the major role of genome size for physiology, ecology, and evolution, there is still mixed evidence with regard to proximate and ultimate drivers. The main causes of large genome size are proliferation of noncoding elements and/or duplication events. The relative role and interplay between these proximate causes and the evolutionary patterns shaped by phylogeny, life history traits or environment are largely unknown for the arthropods. Genome size shows a tremendous variability in this group, and it has a major impact on a range of fitness‐related parameters such as growth, metabolism, life history traits, and for many species also body size. In this study, we compared genome size in two major arthropod groups, insects and crustaceans, and related this to phylogenetic patterns and parameters affecting ambient temperature (latitude, depth, or altitude), insect developmental mode, as well as crustacean body size and habitat, for species where data were available. For the insects, the genome size is clearly phylogeny‐dependent, reflecting primarily their life history and mode of development, while for crustaceans there was a weaker association between genome size and phylogeny, suggesting life cycle strategies and habitat as more important determinants. Maximum observed latitude and depth, and their combined effect, showed positive, and possibly phylogenetic independent, correlations with genome size for crustaceans. This study illustrate the striking difference in genome sizes both between and within these two major groups of arthropods, and that while living in the cold with low developmental rates may promote large genomes in marine crustaceans, there is a multitude of proximate and ultimate drivers of genome size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome size in arthropods; different roles of phylogeny, habitat and life history in insects and crustaceans

Alfsnes

Leinaas

Hessen

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In general, genome size variation across species can result from gene-, chromosome-, or genome duplications, from variations in the length of introns, number of transposons, and the amount of single repetitive DNA (CavalierSmith, 2005;Gregory, 2005;Lynch, 2007). Two Jeffery et al, 2016). At present, we cannot distinguish between these two possibilities as we still lack karyological data on B. asplanchnoidis.…”

Section: Inheritance Of Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 91%

Do genome size differences within Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Rotifera, Monogononta) cause reproductive barriers among geographic populations?

et al. 2016

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Genome size in the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, which belongs to the B. plicatilis species complex, is greatly enlarged and extremely variable . Such variation raises the question whether large genome size differences among individuals might cause reproductive barriers, which could trigger speciation within this group by restricting gene flow across populations. To test this hypothesis, we used B. asplanchnoidis clones from three geographic populations and conducted assays to quantify reproductive isolation among clones differing in genome size, and we examined the population structure of all three populations using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). AFLPs indicated that these populations were genetically separated, but we also found hints of natural gene flow. Clones from different populations with genome size differences of up to 1.7-fold could interbred successfully in the laboratory and give rise to viable, fertile 'hybrid' offspring. Genome sizes of these 'hybrids' were intermediate between those of their parents, and fitness in terms of male production, population growth, and egg development time was not negatively affected. Thus, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation or nascent speciation within B. asplanchnoidis. Instead, our results suggest that gene flow within this species can occur despite a remarkably large range of genome sizes.

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“…In particular, we examine whether such a model is consistent with our observations of genome size variations in males from clones of different diploid genome size. The basic input parameters and variables of the model are: (i) an assumed minimum diploid genome size of 414 Mbp (for a clone that contains no additional genomic elements), and (ii) a vector describing the size and number of individual elements in a clone (e.g., [34 34 20] for two 34 Mbp and one 20 Mbp element, respectively). The output variable of the model was the predicted diploid genome size of females, calculated as minimum genome size + the summed contribution of all elements.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases of intraspecific genome size variation are well-documented in plants (17), with cultivated maize and its close relatives being probably one of the best-studied examples (18, 19). In animals, intraspecific genome size variation has been found in snapping shrimp (20) and in grasshoppers (21). Interestingly, two intensively studied model species with comparably small genomes, Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster, have also turned out to exhibit substantial levels of intraspecific genome size variation (22, 23), suggesting that his phenomenon might be more widespread than previously assumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-population genome size variation is mediated by multiple genomic elements that segregate independently during meiosis

Stelzer

Pichler

Štádler

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Within-species variation in genome size has been documented in many animals and plants. Despite its importance for understanding eukaryotic genome diversity, there is only sparse knowledge about how individual-level processes mediate genome size variation in populations. Here we study a natural population of the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis whose members differ up to 1.9-fold in genome size, but were still able to interbreed and produce viable offspring. We show that genome size is highly heritable and can be artificially selected up or down, but not beyond a minimum diploid genome size. Analyses of segregation patterns in haploid males reveal that large genomic elements (several megabases in size) provide the substrate of genome size variation. These elements, and their segregation patterns, explain the generation of new genome size variants, the short-term evolutionary potential of genome size change in populations, and some seemingly paradoxical patterns, like an increase in genome size variation among highly inbred lines. Our study suggests that a conceptual model involving only two variables, (1) a minimum genome size of the population, and (2) a vector containing information on additional elements that may increase genome size in this population (size, number, and meiotic segregation behaviour), can effectively address most scenarios of short-term evolutionary change of genome size in a population.

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Patterns of genome size variation in snapping shrimp

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Genome size in arthropods; different roles of phylogeny, habitat and life history in insects and crustaceans

Genome size in arthropods; different roles of phylogeny, habitat and life history in insects and crustaceans

Do genome size differences within Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Rotifera, Monogononta) cause reproductive barriers among geographic populations?

Within-population genome size variation is mediated by multiple genomic elements that segregate independently during meiosis

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