Patterns of Government Formation in Europe: The Role of the Head of State

Abstract

Analytical tools are presently lacking to study the role played by the head of state in the government formation process (GFP). To remedy this absence, this paper provides a detailed analysis of that role. Two variables are of major concern: a) the formal powers of the head of state in the GFP, and b) the control over the GFP held by the parliament. These two variables are used to construct a scheme that shows the pronounced heterogeneity exhibited by GFP patterns. The GFP is seen as the result of an institutionally structured bargaining process in which institutional variations make for major differences in expected outcomes. The analysis reveals a large number of GFP patterns. Examples of the GFP taken from several European countries show the patterns should not be subsumed under broad categories, since overgeneralization may lead to confusion and cause the role played by the head of state and political regimes in European countries to be misunderstood.

Comparative Constitutionalism in Central Europe : Analysis on Certain Central and Eastern European Countries

“…the role of strong political personalities, informal power and influence, the internal working of government and other issues beyond the scope of this constitutional law volume), we do not attempt to provide a clear-cut 10 Brunclík and Kubát, 2019, p. 6. 11 For a brief overview, see Brunclík andKubát, 2019, pp. 6-22.…”

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