Patterns of host plant utilization and diversification in the brush-footed butterflies

Hamm, Christopher A.; Fordyce, James A.

doi:10.1111/evo.12593

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, previous studies proposed several possible processes by which herbivorous insects speciate without changing their diet (Imada et al. ; Bennett and O'Grady ; Yamamoto and Sota ; Hamm and Fordyce ). For some phytophagous insect groups, allopatric speciation without host shift may be a major factor causing radiation (Nyman et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic test of speciation by host shift in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer)

Nakadai

Kawakita

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The traditional explanation for the exceptional diversity of herbivorous insects emphasizes host shift as the major driver of speciation. However, phylogenetic studies have often demonstrated widespread host plant conservatism by insect herbivores, calling into question the prevalence of speciation by host shift to distantly related plants. A limitation of previous phylogenetic studies is that host plants were defined at the family or genus level; thus, it was unclear whether host shifts predominate at a finer taxonomic scale. The lack of a statistical approach to test the hypothesis of host‐shift‐driven speciation also hindered studies at the species level. Here, we analyze the radiation of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) associated with maples (Acer) using a newly developed, phylogeny‐based method that tests the role of host shift in speciation. This method has the advantage of not requiring complete taxon sampling from an entire radiation. Based on 254 host plant records for 14 Caloptilia species collected at 73 sites in Japan, we show that major dietary changes are more concentrated toward the root of the phylogeny, with host shift playing a minor role in recent speciation. We suggest that there may be other roles for host shift in promoting herbivorous insect diversification rather than facilitating speciation per se.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic test of speciation by host shift in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer)

Nakadai

Kawakita

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…If speciation is a host range pruning process driven by selection for local specialization, speciation rates should be higher in generalists, speciation should be coupled with host‐use specialization, and observed generalism should be phylogenetically ephemeral (Janz and Nylin 2008; Winkler and Mitter ). But we have phylogenetic evidence against each of these predictions (Hardy and Otto ; Hamm and Fordyce ; this study). In butterflies, polyphagy can be phylogenetically persistent, host‐range contraction is rarely cladogenetic, and speciation rates are faster in specialist lineages (Table ).…”

Section: Does Speciation Tend To Pass Through Periods Of Generalism?mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…For these analysis, I used the time‐scaled estimate of phylogenetic relationships among nymphalid genera of Wahlberg et al. (), and the generic species richnesses reported by Hamm and Fordyce () (Fig. ).…”

Section: Do Host Switches Tend To Pass Through a Period Of Host‐use Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If we assume that a species with a broad observed host range is in the middle of a host range oscillation, this analysis could show us how rates of host range oscillation affect speciation dynamics. If we do not make that assumption, this analysis would amount to less parametric version of previously published test of the effect of host‐use generalism per se on species diversification (Hardy and Otto ; Hamm and Fordyce , ; Janz et al. ).…”

Section: Does Speciation Tend To Pass Through Periods Of Generalism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do this test, I started with the same data as above: the genus‐level Nymphalidae phylogeny of Wahlberg et al. (), generic species richnesses of Hamm and Fordyce () and the nomenclaturaly standardized host‐use data from the HOSTS database (Robinson et al. ; Peterson et al.…”

Section: Does Speciation Tend To Pass Through Periods Of Generalism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do plant‐eating insect lineages pass through phases of host‐use generalism during speciation and host switching? Phylogenetic evidence

Hardy

2017

Evolution

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The Oscillation Hypothesis posits that plant-eating insect diversity is generated by cycles of diet breadth expansion and contraction. Although at any given time most plant-eating insect species are host specialists, host-use evolution and speciation tend to entail a phase of generalism. The main evidence for this comes from comparative phylogenetic studies, but with mixed support. Here, I review and add to this evidence. I show that some of the original work that inspired the Oscillation Hypothesis is flawed in a way that leads to spurious inferences about trends in the evolution of diet diversity. And I present a new analysis which fails to support its predictions about patterns of species diversity. On the other hand, some of the published work that claims to reject the Oscillation Hypothesis may actually provide some of the strongest support for it, and I present new analyses which support its prediction that host-use generalism facilitates host-use evolution. In summary, the Oscillation Hypothesis successfully predicts some phylogenetic patterns but not others. Generalism appears to facilitate host-use evolution, but it does not appear to be inevitably chased by host-use specialization and speciation.

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Global pattern of plant utilization across different organisms: Does plant apparency or plant phylogeny matter?

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The present study is the first to consider human and nonhuman consumers together to reveal several general patterns of plant utilization. We provide evidence that at a global scale, plant apparency and phylogenetic isolation can be important predictors of plant utilization and consumer diversity. Using the number of species or genera or the distribution area of each plant family as the island “area” and the minimum phylogenetic distance to common plant families as the island “distance”, we fitted presence–area relationships and presence–distance relationships with a binomial GLM (generalized linear model) with a logit link. The presence–absence of consumers among each plant family strongly depended on plant apparency (family size and distribution area); the diversity of consumers increased with plant apparency but decreased with phylogenetic isolation. When consumers extended their host breadth, unapparent plants became more likely to be used. Common uses occurred more often on common plants and their relatives, showing higher host phylogenetic clustering than uncommon uses. On the contrary, highly specialized uses might be related to the rarity of plant chemicals and were therefore very species‐specific. In summary, our results provide a global illustration of plant–consumer combinations and reveal several general patterns of plant utilization across humans, insects and microbes. First, plant apparency and plant phylogenetic isolation generally govern plant utilization value, with uncommon and isolated plants suffering fewer parasites. Second, extension of the breadth of utilized hosts helps explain the presence of consumers on unapparent plants. Finally, the phylogenetic clustering structure of host plants is different between common uses and uncommon uses. The strength of such consistent plant utilization patterns across a diverse set of usage types suggests that the persistence and accumulation of consumer diversity and use value for plant species are determined by similar ecological and evolutionary processes.

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Patterns of host plant utilization and diversification in the brush-footed butterflies

Cited by 34 publications

References 96 publications

Phylogenetic test of speciation by host shift in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer)

Phylogenetic test of speciation by host shift in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer)

Do plant‐eating insect lineages pass through phases of host‐use generalism during speciation and host switching? Phylogenetic evidence

Global pattern of plant utilization across different organisms: Does plant apparency or plant phylogeny matter?

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