Patterns of interactions of a large fish–parasite network in a tropical floodplain

Lima, Dilermando Pereira; Giacomini, Henrique C.; Takemoto, Ricardo Massato; Agostinho, Ângelo Antônio; Bini, Luis Maurício

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01967.x

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(111 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The low co-occurrence within the modules of the larval and adult stages in those species of parasites with both developmental stages in the networks reinforces the evidence that these stages have distinct functions in the networks, as previously been proposed [4], [6], [7]. The organization of host-parasite networks in modules reflects the similarity of the resources provided by some hosts [6], [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Developmental Stage of Parasites Influences the Structure of Fish-Parasite Networks

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specialized interactions tend to be more common in systems that require strong reciprocal adaptation between species, such as those observed between parasites and hosts. Parasites exhibit a high diversity of species and life history strategies, presenting host specificity which increases the complexity of these antagonistic systems. However, most studies are limited to the description of interactions between a few parasite and host species, which restricts our understanding of these systems as a whole. We investigated the effect of the developmental stage of the parasite on the structure of 30 metazoan fish-parasite networks, with an emphasis on the specificity of the interactions, connectance and modularity. We assessed the functional role of each species in modular networks and its interactions within and among the modules according to the developmental stage (larval and adult) and taxonomic group of the parasites. We observed that most parasite and host species perform a few interactions but that parasites at the larval stage tended to be generalists, increasing the network connectivity within and among modules. The parasite groups did not differ among each other in the number of interactions within and among the modules when considering only species at the larval stage. However, the same groups of adult individuals differed from each other in their interaction patterns, which were related to variations in the degree of host specificity at this stage. Our results show that the interaction pattern of fishes with parasites, such as acanthocephalans, cestodes, digeneans and nematodes, is more closely associated with their developmental stage than their phylogenetic history. This finding corroborates the hypothesis that the life history of parasites results in adaptations that cross phylogenetic boundaries.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Developmental Stage of Parasites Influences the Structure of Fish-Parasite Networks

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impacts of parasites on fitness, survival and behaviour can be severe, with consequences for evolution, population dynamics and ecosystem functioning (Lima et al 2012, Poisot, Thrall & Hochberg 2012. Pioneering theoretical work by Anderson and May (Anderson & May 1978, Dobson & May 1987 showed that host-parasite interactions can be pivotal for the long-term patterns in population dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of the monogeneanGyrodactylus salarisunder seminatural conditions

Hendrichsen

Kristoffersen

Gjelland

et al. 2014

Journal of Fish Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tracking individual variation in the dynamics of parasite infections in wild populations is often complicated by lack of knowledge of the epidemiological history of hosts. Whereas the dynamics and development of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., is well known in laboratory studies, knowledge about infection development on individual wild fishes is currently sparse. In this study, the dynamics of an infection of G. salaris on individually marked Atlantic salmon parr was followed in a section of a natural stream. During the six-week experiment, the prevalence increased from 3.3% to 60.0%, with an average increase in intensity of 4.1% day -1 . Survival analyses showed an initially high probability (93.6%) of staying uninfected by G. salaris, decreasing significantly to 37% after six weeks. The results showed that even at subarctic water temperatures and with an initially low risk of infection, the parasite spread rapidly in the Atlantic salmon population, with the capacity to reach 100% prevalence within a short summer season. The study thus track individual infection trajectories of Atlantic salmon living under near-natural conditions, providing an integration of key population parameters from controlled experiments with the dynamics of the epizootic observed in free-living living populations.

show abstract

“…We standardized the continuous explanatory variables by converting them to z-scores before performing the MRM to avoid effects of different scales. This allowed for a comparison of the relative importance of the predictors [26]. Although we strived for an information-theoretic based analysis (as with centrality; see below), a likelihood function is unavailable for MRM.…”

Section: Multiple Regression On Distance Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After determining the modular structure of the networks, we tested the effect of individual-and population-level characteristics on the affiliation of individuals to modules (module composition) with a logistic multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM), following [26] (Fig. S2).…”

Section: Network Modularity In Host-parasite Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we hypothesized that the difference in individual-and populationlevel sources of heterogeneity translates to structural differences between multi-and single-species networks. We examined this hypothesis using modularity, which is a network property crucial to the ecology and evolution of hosts and parasites [25][26][27]. Generally speaking, modular networks (either unipartite or bipartite) are characterized by distinct network subgroups (modules) composed of nodes interacting preferentially among themselves than with other nodes in the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Untitled

Supplemental Information 1: Supplementary Information

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiological networks are commonly used to explore dynamics of parasite transmission among individuals in a population of a given host species. However, many parasites infect multiple host species, and thus multi-host networks may offer a better framework for investigating parasite dynamics. We investigated the factors that influence parasite sharing -and thus potential transmission pathways -among rodent hosts in Southeast Asia. We focused on differences between networks of a single host species and networks that involve multiple host species. In host-parasite networks, modularity (the extent to which the network is divided to subgroups composed of individuals that interact more among themselves than with individuals outside the subgroup) was higher in the multi-species than in the single-species networks. This suggests that phylogeny affects patterns of parasite sharing, which was confirmed in analyses showing that it predicted affiliation of individuals to modules. We then constructed "potential transmission networks" based on the host-parasite networks, in which edges depict the number of parasites shared between a pair of individuals. The centrality of individuals in these networks differed between multi-and single-species networks, with species identity and individual characteristics influencing their position in the networks. Simulations further revealed that parasite dynamics differed between multi-and single-species networks. We conclude that multi-host networks based on parasite sharing can provide new insights into the potential for transmission among hosts in an ecological community. In addition, the factors that determine the nature of parasite sharing (i.e. structure of the host-parasite network) may impact transmission patterns.

show abstract

Patterns of interactions of a large fish–parasite network in a tropical floodplain

Cited by 60 publications

References 53 publications

Developmental Stage of Parasites Influences the Structure of Fish-Parasite Networks

Developmental Stage of Parasites Influences the Structure of Fish-Parasite Networks

Transmission dynamics of the monogeneanGyrodactylus salarisunder seminatural conditions

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About