Patterns of life history among cyclopoid copepods of central Europe

Abstract

1. Life history characters (body size of adults, egg diameter, egg sac length and breadth) of nineteen spedes of central European cyclopoid copepods were measured and sexual size dimorphism (adult female length X adult male length"^), relative egg size (egg weight X body weight"^), weight of adult females and of eggs, egg sac shape (egg sac length X egg sac breadth"'), and reproductive effort (clutch weight produced per female weight per day) were calculated to detect trends in life history strategies. 2. Typical planktonic species exhibited the lowest reproductive effort. Among pUnktonic species, the value for egg sac shape increased with clutch size. 3. Large species and small spedes exhibited different trends in life history characters. Large spedes had larger clutches, larger eggs, and a greater sex size dimorphism than small spedes. However, small spedes had a greater relative egg size. 4. Large spedes live in cold water and reproduce during the spring bloom of phytopiankton where the production of large clutches with relatively small eggs is advantageous. Reserves are unnecessary for juveniles because food is abundant. Small spedes generally are most abundant during the warm season, when conditions are less predictable, and relatively large eggs, possibly provided with reserves, are advantageous.

Zooplankton community composition of high mountain lakes in the Tatra Mts., the Alps in North Tyrol, and Scotland: relationship to pH, depth, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a concentration

“…and the Alps, the cyclopoid copepod Acanthocyclops vernalis is replaced by the cyclopoid copepod Cyclops abyssorum in the direction of pH and depth both increasing (Table 3). A. vernalis is smaller than C. abyssorum (Maier 1994;Hopp & Maier 2005a). In Cyclops abyssorum and C. vicinus, the duration of the postembryonic development increases with decreasing food concentration, whereas smaller species Mesocyclops leuckarti, Acanthocyclops robustus, and Thermocyclops crassus are less affected (Hopp & Maier 2005b).…”

Competição, predação e variação temporal de microcrustáceos planctônicos no Lago Monte Alegre

“…A habilidade de cada espécie estaria relacionada ao nível de recursos disponíveis e à faixa etária dos organismos que estão competindo (Smith & Cooper, 1982), além da eficiência de forrageio de cada espécie, variável de acordo com as mudanças nas frações de séston (Lynch, 1978). Para Nandini A vantagem de espécies de menor tamanho é o menor tempo que essas espécies levam para atingir a maturidade sexual comparado a espécies maiores, demandando menor gasto de energia (Stearns, 1976;Romanovsky, 1984Romanovsky, , 1985Maier, 1994). Por isso, espécies pequenas seriam favorecidas nas menores concentrações de alimento, visto que jovens têm menor concentração limiar de alimento (Romanovsky, 1984).…”

Functional diversity of crustacean zooplankton communities: towards a trait‐based classification. Freshwater Biology, 52, 796–813. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365‐2427.2007.01733.x

“…, 23.5 [80] , 27.7 [85] Calanoida Diaptomus minutus Lilljeborg 0.89 [101] 6.5-80 [10,11,101,104,105] 487 [105] , 571…”

“…[82]a , 16.5 [83] , 18 [84] ,19.8 [85] Acanthocyclops vernalis Cyclops scutifer Sars 0.88 0.25-5.2 [86] Cyclops vicinus Ulianine 1.63 [87] 6-31.7 [88][89][90] 28.5…”

“…, 26.3 [93] , 27 [85] , 31 [94] Diacyclops bicuspifatus thomas Thermocyclops crassus Fischer 0.89 [87] 9.7…”