Patterns of lymph node involvement in relation to hypotheses about the modes of spread of Hodgkin's disease

Smithers, D. W.; Lillicrap, S C; Barnes, A. E.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197411)34:5<1779::aid-cncr2820340528>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(Laurent , et al 2015). Classical studies indicated that the spread of disease followed the physiological direction of lymphatic flow (Smithers , et al 1974); thus peripheral non-axial lymph node groups, such as mesenteric or epitrochlear lymph nodes, are rarely involved . Extranodal involvement usually arises from haematogenous dissemination, while primary extranodal disease is rare.…”

Section: Classical Hodgkin Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era

et al. 2018

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Summary The Hodgkin lymphomas are a family of unique lymphoma subtypes, in which the nature of the neoplastic cell was enigmatic for many years. Much of the mystery has been solved, with all forms now considered to be of B-cell origin, in most cases of germinal centre derivation. Today we recognize Hodgkin lymphoma as an eponym that encompasses multiple entities. One of the unifying themes is the major contribution from the tumour microenvironment. Both the character of the neoplastic cells and the nature of the immune environment are critical to accurate diagnosis. Moreover, an understanding of the molecular alterations that characterize both the neoplastic cells and their microenvironment have led to therapeutic advances, targeting both neoplastic and reactive components. Other conditions may foster a similar inflammatory milieu and lead to lymphoproliferations that mimic the Hodgkin lymphomas. In this review we provide an update on the diagnostic features of the various subtypes and include additional information relevant for prognostic evaluation and investigation of potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we also discuss those conditions that often cause confusion in diagnosis and need to be distinguished from the Hodgkin lymphomas.

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Section: Classical Hodgkin Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era

et al. 2018

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“…However, lack of clinical or radiological evidence of pelvic disease at presentation, during more than one year of follow-up, and at relapse probably rules out such a contiguity pattern of spread [2]. The theory of hematogenous spread as proposed by Smithers [3,4] might explain the bladder relapse without disease documentation elsewhere. Lack of evidence of vascular invasion in the groin node or in the bladder biopsy specimens does not rule out the possibility of bloodstream spread of HD from the primary site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, the spread pattern of the disease is still considered enigmatic. Two distinctively different mechanisms have been proposed: the "contiguity" [2] and the "susceptibility" [3,4] theories. Perhaps both theories combined can explain certain aspects of the disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hodgkin's Disease Involving the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report

et al. 1991

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“…The rationale of this procedure has been supported by the unexpected finding of abdominal involvement in a large proportion of patients resulting in a more extensive treatment (Aisenberg et al, 1971;Meeker et al, 1972;H0st et al, 1973;Rozman et al, 1973;Kaplan et al, 1973;Andersen & Videbaek, 1974;Smithers et al, 1974;B.N.L.I., 1975;Irving, 1975;Somers et al, 1976;Poulsen et al, 1977;Lee et al, 1978). Hitherto it has been accepted that early detection of advanced disease and the removal of involved spleens in HD should be beneficial to the course of the disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prognostic effect of early diagnostic splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease: a randomized trial

Askergren¹,

Björkholm²,

Holm³

et al. 1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-A randomized trial is reported which evaluates the effect of early diagnostic splenectomy on the prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and uncertain prognosis. This was started in January 1973 and concluded in April 1979. Sixty-seven patients were entered in the study and 31 were randomized for splenectomy. All patients except 2 received total nodal irradiation, excluding the splenic and hepatic areas. After 40 months' observation there was no difference between the groups in respect of survival and the number of recurrences. However, relapses occurred earlier in the splenectomized patients. Pneumococcal septicaemia was recorded in 2 splenectomized patients. It is concluded that prognosis is not improved by diagnostic splenectomy in HD patients with uncertain prognosis and treated with total nodal irradiation.

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Patterns of lymph node involvement in relation to hypotheses about the modes of spread of Hodgkin's disease

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era

Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era

Hodgkin's Disease Involving the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report

Prognostic effect of early diagnostic splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease: a randomized trial

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