Patterns of parental childrearing and subsequent vulnerability to cognitive distu bance.

Abstract

Research with normals and schizophrenics has indicated the importance of maternal childrearing control and nurturance. The first experiment tested whether patterns of maternal control and nurturance would relate to the son's subsequent cognitive performance under conditions involving social censure. Ss were 63 college males. Ss rating their mothers as highly controlling-low nurturant (rejecting pattern) were poorer in conceptual performance than Ss whose mothers were rated as low controlling-highly nurturant (accepting pattern). The same results were obtained when 74 males were divided into paternal childrearing pattern groups and their conceptual performance compared. It was proposed that social censure elicits responses which interfere with effective cognitive performance in Ss whose rejecting childrearing histories have mediated low self-esteem.

The Importance of Father Love: History and Contemporary Evidence

“…The great majority of studies showing that father love is as important as mother love deal with one or a combination of the following five issues among children, adolescents, and young adults: (a) personality and psychological adjustment problems including issues of self-concept/self-esteem, emotional stability, and aggression (Amato, 1998; Becker, 1960; Becker et al, 1959; Buri, 1989; Buri, Louiselle, Misukanis, & Mueller, 1988; Buri, Murphy, Richtsmeier, & Komar, 1992; Dekovic & Meeus, 1997; Emmelkamp & Karsdorp, 1987; Fine, Voydanoff, & Donnelly, 1993; Jacobs, Spilken, & Norman, 1972; McPherson, 1974; Monkman, 1958; Nash, 1965; Peppin, 1962; Peterson et al, 1959; Peterson, Becker, Shoemaker, Luria, & Hellmer, 1961; Sears, 1970; Yamasaki, 1990); (b) conduct problems, especially in school (Becker, 1960; DeKlyen, Biernbaum, Speltz, & Greenberg, 1998; DeKlyen, Speltz, & Greenberg, 1998; McPherson, 1974; Paley, Conger, & Harold, 2000; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992; Renk, Phares, & Epps, 1999; Russell & Russell, 1996; Siantz & Smith, 1994); (c) cognitive and academic performance issues (Amato, 1998; Carroll, 1973; Easterbrooks & Goldberg, 1984; Heilbrun, Orr, & Harrell, 1966; Peppin, 1962); (d) mental illness (Arrindell, Emmelkamp, Monsma, & Brilman, 1983; Crook, Raskin, & Eliot, 1981; Greenberger & Chen, 1996; R. W. Lidz & Lidz, 1949; T. Lidz et al, 1956; Richter, Richter, & Eisemann, 1990); and (e) substance abuse (Barnes, 1984; Prendergast & Schaefer, 1974).…”

The Connotative Meaning of Parent-Child Relationships as Related to Perceived Maternal Warmth and Control

“…This result also suggests that in terms of an experimental procedure the use of a male censuring figure as the experimenter rather Differential as compared to the other groups. Their relative position on the Semantic Differential corresponds to their relative position on the card sorting task (9) where they exhibited the best performance as compared to the other groups. T h e Semantic Differential ratings suggest that performance on a conceptual task is least disrupted by negative reinforcement because they may not perceive correction for incorrect sorts as being especially consorious.…”

Underachievement as Related to Perceived Maternal Child Rearing and Academic Conditions of Reinforcement

“…Another possibility is his tendency to become disrupted on reinforced cognitive tasks (Heilbrun, Gillard, & Harrell, 1965;Heilbrun, Orr, & Harrell, 1966). Another possibility is his tendency to become disrupted on reinforced cognitive tasks (Heilbrun, Gillard, & Harrell, 1965;Heilbrun, Orr, & Harrell, 1966).…”