Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children.

Armstrong, Neil; Balding, John; Gentle, Peter; Kirby, Brian J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6745.203

Cited by 222 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The girls' activities at weekends and on school days with PE lessons are greater than those quoted by the Department of Health. The results presented here are in concordance with a study by Armstrong et al (1990) in 11 ± 16 year old British children. They concluded that (based on heart rate monitoring) the children studied had`surprisingly low levels of physical activity'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Physical activity levels in a sample of Oxford school children aged 10–13 years

Henry

Webster-Gandy

Elia³

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To determine physical activity levels (PAL) in children aged between 10 and 13 y. Design: Cross-sectional study of physical activity levels on school days, with and without physical education (PE) lessons and at weekend. Data were collected using self-reported activity diaries. Setting: The children were recruited from a middle school in Oxford. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and anthropometry were measured in the school. Subjects: Thirty-eight children (12 boys and 26 girls), aged 10 ± 13 y, returned completed activity diaries. PAL values were calculated by applying physical activity ratios (PAR) to the time spent on each activity. BMR and anthropometry were measured within 20 d of activity diary completion. Results: The mean AE s.d. (range) PAL values for all children were 1.52 AE 0.08 (1.34 ± 1.71), 1.50 AE 0.05 (1.44 ± 1.57) for boys and 1.53 AE 0.10 (1.34 ± 1.71) for girls. The lowest PAL value (1.48 AE 0.13, mean AE s.d.) was observed in girls on school days without PE lessons. The lowest PAL value in boys (1.46 AE 0.13, mean AE s.d.) was observed at the weekend. PE lessons made a signi®cant difference to the PAL values for boys (1.58 AE 0.09) and girls (1.60 AE 0.12). A wide range of PAL values (1.20 ± 1.87) was recorded in these children. The total energy expenditure for the boys was slightly lower than the estimated average requirements (EAR) predicted by the Department of Health (8.71 AE 0.96 MJ compared with 8.86 MJad) for this age group. The girls had a higher average energy expenditure than the predicted EAR (8.47 AE 1.00 MJad compared with 7.885). Conclusions:The children in this study may be classi®ed as light to moderately active with PAL values ranging from 1.20 to 1.87. The promotion of physical activity in childhood will have bene®cial effects for the child and their future wellbeing. Programmes aimed at preventing obesity in children should encourage physical activity as well as promoting appropriate dietary changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Many researchers including Sleap & Warburton (1996) and Armstrong et al (1990) have highlighted concern about the amount of physical activity undertaken by children in the United Kingdom. This study appears to con®rm the low levels of physical activity in children especially in boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity levels in a sample of Oxford school children aged 10–13 years

Henry

Webster-Gandy

Elia³

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Patterns of physical activity; comparison with others HR monitoring has been used as a way to assess physical activity in children and adolescents (Armstrong et al, 1990;Armstrong & Bray, 1991;Riddoch et al, 1991;Janz et al, 1992;Gavarry et al, 1998). Comparisons between the studies are dif®cult to do due to differences in design, methodology and interpretation of the HR data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14–15 year old Swedish adolescents

et al. 2000

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Objective: To assess total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and patterns of physical activity among Swedish male and female adolescents and to relate the amount and intensity of physical activity to existing recommendations (energy expenditure equal to or above 12.4 kJakgaday or accumulation of 30 minaday in moderate physical activity equal to 4.5 times sedentary energy expenditure or more). Design: TDEE, physical activity level (PAL TDEEaBMR), energy expenditure (EE) and time spent in different intensities of physical activity were assessed by using minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in combination with laboratory measured sedentary energy expenditure (SEE) and peak oxygen uptake. Setting:

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“…Third, the question concerning PA does not measure the duration of the activity, which can cause bias in measurement. Furthermore, the questions do not separately address behaviours during weekdays and weekends, while the literature shows that there are differences in weekday and weekend patterns of sedentary behaviour and PA (35)(36)(37) .There are no significant differences found either in the level of PA between boys and girls or between the three-time measurements. A study among Swedish 15-and 16-year-olds shows comparable activity patterns between genders (38) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal associations of energy balance-related behaviours and cross-sectional associations of clusters and body mass index in Norwegian adolescents

Sluis¹,

Lien

Twisk

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: Insight into the role of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) is of great importance when it comes to prevention of weight gain and design of interventions tailored to target these behaviours. Objectives: First, the present study examines the longitudinal association of four EBRB in Norwegian adolescents. Second, it aims to examine whether clusters of EBRB are cross-sectionally associated with being overweight. Design: The present study is part of the 'Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks' project. The study sample consists of twenty control schools in two Norwegian counties. Methods: Survey questionnaires were completed by 884 pupils with an average age at baseline, September 2001, of 11?8 years. In the follow-up surveys in May 2002 and May 2005, a total of 809 and 724 adolescents participated, respectively. Four EBRB were measured: habitual fruit and vegetable intake, snacking and soda consumption, television and computer use and physical activity. Results: Results of the associations between EBRB were similar for boys and girls. The odds, ranging from 1?14 to 12?06, were mostly significant. One out of four clusters, the unhealthy cluster, was significantly and cross-sectionally associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Longitudinal associations of EBRB show that it is important to start early with interventions that aim to prevent unhealthy behaviours becoming habitual. These behaviours should be targeted at the same time as they tend to co-occur. More research, preferably longitudinal and more objective, is needed to investigate associations between health behaviours and body weight among adolescents.

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Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children.

Cited by 222 publications

References 4 publications

Physical activity levels in a sample of Oxford school children aged 10–13 years

Physical activity levels in a sample of Oxford school children aged 10–13 years

Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14–15 year old Swedish adolescents

Longitudinal associations of energy balance-related behaviours and cross-sectional associations of clusters and body mass index in Norwegian adolescents

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