Patterns of Poly-Victimization Among Early Adolescents: A Latent Class and Two-Wave Latent Transition Analysis

Abstract

Background Poly-victimization involves more than just counting incidents; it varies in severity and type among adolescents and can change over time. Objective The aim is to identify latent classes of poly-victimization among children in early adolescence, investigate transition probabilities between these latent categories, and examine the influencing factors. Methods We used stratified cluster random sampling to select 2275 junior high students from five rural middle schools in Shantou and Jieyang, China, and surveyed them in two waves. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) identified latent classes of poly-victimization, and multi-factor logistic regression examined factors influencing the probability of students transitioning between these latent classes. Results LCA identified three categories of poly-victimization: low poly-victimization, group, and high child maltreatment and peer and sibling victimization. The probabilities of remaining in the high child maltreatment and peer and sibling victimization group, transitioning to the transition group, or shifting to the low poly-victimization group were 37.00%, 29.20%, and 33.80%, respectively. Most transition group members remained in the same group, with a conversion probability of 77.10%, followed by transitioning to the low poly-victimization group with a probability of 15.80%. Physically healthy children, compared to those with disabilities or illnesses, were less likely to switch from the low poly-victimization group to the transition group (OR=0.034) or the high child maltreatment and peer and sibling victimization group (OR=0.14). Non-left-behind children, compared to left-behind children, have a higher probability of switching from the high child maltreatment and peer and sibling victimization group to the low poly-victimization group (OR=6.905). Conclusion The high child maltreatment and peer and sibling victimization group had similar probabilities of transitioning into other categories. Physical illness or disability, as well as being left behind, are significant risk factors for children transitioning from the low-harm group to the high-harm group.