Patterns of Recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding in General Surgery: Analysis Using the NIH RePORTER System

Abstract

Introduction: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world’s largest funding source for research, and the R01 grant is seen as a stepping stone to future granting opportunities for the physician-scientist. Recently, both a gender and degree disparity in scholarly activity has been highlighted in the medical literature. Objective: To assess NIH R01 funding trends in general surgery over the last decade. Methods: A retrospective review of general surgery funding was extracted from the NIH’s Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results database from 2008 through 2017. All principal investigators (PIs) were categorized by gender and academic degree(s). Linear regression analysis assessed NIH grant funding trends over time and comparisons of groups were completed with the t-test. Results: From 2008 to 2017, the NIH awarded 600 R01 grants and $272,669,397 to PIs in general surgery. The majority of R01 grants were awarded to males (76.33%; p < 0.01) and those holding a Doctorate of Medicine (MD) degree (58.33%; p < 0.01). No Doctorate of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) had received an NIH R01 grant during the time studied. No statistically significant trend could be established for the number of R01 grants awarded over time (p = 0.33), grants awarded to males or females over time (p = 0.73 and p = 0.18), or for those holding an MD or other type of degree over time (p = 0.30 and p = 0.39). Also, no statistically significant trend was established for increased grant funding over time (P = 0.88) but females and those holding an other type of degree (Doctorate in Philosophy (PhD), Doctorate in Science (DSc), Master of Public Health (MPH), etc.) experienced an increase in the total dollar amount of funding over the time studied (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). Conclusion: For the years studied, a gender and degree disparity exists for those receiving an NIH R01 grant in general surgery. However, an increase in total grant funding has been seen for both females and non-physician scientists over from 2008 through 2017.

International trends in grant and fellowship funding awarded to women in neurosurgery

“…23 Men also tended to receive more prestigious grants or grants with more funding compared to women in several specialties. [23][24][25][26] Furthermore, an analysis of research grant applications for Harvard Medical School faculty found that female faculty had fewer grant submissions overall after controlling for academic rank. 27 The impact of female neurosurgeons with reduced research funding may contribute to the gender gap in authorship observed in journals such as Neurosurgery and the Journal of Neurosurgery.…”

A Time of Reflection and New Beginnings

“…This included poor research infrastructure, representation on vital Federal committee's, low rate of Federal grants awarded and inclusion as editors in medical journals. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A credit to our training and the make-up as a medical community; physicians tend to believe in others, favor trust and compliance. This same trait can lead to anergy at times when speaking up and taking action is more prudent.…”

National Institutes of Health Funding in Internal Medicine: Analysis of Physicians Receiving an R01 Grant Between 2008 and 2017

“…Recent data have shown that very few osteopathic physicians serve as either the first or senior author in published original research manuscripts in emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and neurosurgery [1][2][3][4]. Additionally, no osteopathic physicians have been awarded a National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 grant in emergency medicine, family medicine, general surgery, or obstetrics and gynecology in the previous decade [5][6][7][8]. Although we do not anticipate substantial differences in grants awarded to internal medicine investigators, no data currently exist on the scholarly activity between osteopathic and allopathic physicians within the specialty of internal medicine.…”