Patterns of Specialization and Escalation in the Criminal Careers of Gang and Non-Gang Homicide Offenders

Adams, John; Pizarro, Jesenia M.

doi:10.1177/0093854813503637

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The current study employed data from 443,081 (Adams & Pizarro, 2014;Britt, 1996;DeLisi et al, 2011;Jennings et al, 2014). As a whole, burglars display behaviors consistent with both perspectives as they are more likely to use tobacco, to commit a serious violent offense, to be on probation or parole, and to commit robbery which are suggestive of versatility and to steal something with a value over $50, commit motor vehicle theft, and commit larceny/theft which are suggestive of specialization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Study of Burglary Offenders: Trends and Predictors of Self-Reported Arrests for Burglary in the United States, 2002-2013

DeLisi

Nelson

Vaughn

et al. 2016

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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Burglary is serious property crime with a relatively high incidence, and has been shown to be variously associated with other forms of criminal behavior. Unfortunately, an epidemiological understanding of burglary and its correlates is largely unknown. Using publicuse data collected between 2002 and 2013 as part of the National Study on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the current study compared self-reported burglars with and without criminal history.The unadjusted prevalence estimates of burglary were statistically different for those with a prior arrest history (4.7%) compared to those without an arrest history (0.02%) which is a 235-fold difference. Those with an arrest history were more likely to report lower educational attainment, to have lower income, to have moved more than 3 times in the past 5 years, and to use alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and engage in binge drinking. Moreover, those with prior arrest histories were younger and more likely to be male. There is considerable heterogeneity among burglars with criminal history indicating substantially greater behavioral risk.Keywords: burglary, burglars, epidemiology, criminal career, criminal history 2 Introduction Burglary, the unlawful entry of a residence or business to perpetrate theft or some other felony, is a serious property offense that commonly is punished by prison confinement and produces tens of millions of dollars annually in direct, indirect, and intangible costs (Wickramasekera, Wright, Elsey, Murray, & Tubeuf, 2015). In the United States, burglary is a moderately common crime with an incidence of nearly two million arrests annually according to the Uniform Crime Reports (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014) and three million victimizations according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (Truman & Langton, 2015). Burglary is associated with a range of negative consequences for burglary victims including loss of property and damage to one's home, emotional trauma, stressful hypervigiliance due to the violation of privacy, increased anxiety, depression, and fear of crime, and others. Like all criminal offenses, there is substantial heterogeneity among burglary offenders in terms of their broader criminal career (Bouhana, Johnson, & Porter, 2014; Hargreaves & Francis, 2014;Shover, 1996), motivation for perpetrating burglary (Maguire, 1988; Wright, Logie, & Decker, 1995), geographic and temporal issues relating to burglary (Johnson, 2008; Johnson & Bowers, 2004; Kocsis & Irwin, 1998), and the association of burglary to other forms of crime (Fox & Farrington, 2012;Shover, 1996;Steffensmeier, Harris, & Painter-Davis, 2015). Thus, burglary can denote a one-off adolescent prank by a juvenile offender, an opportunistic offense by an offender enmeshed in an antisocial lifestyle, or a carefully planned instrumental crime 1 Given the extensive monetary and emotional costs imposed by burglary, a large segment of the burglary literature focuses on home security, burglary prevention techniques, and forensic issues relating to arre...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Study of Burglary Offenders: Trends and Predictors of Self-Reported Arrests for Burglary in the United States, 2002-2013

DeLisi

Nelson

Vaughn

et al. 2016

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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“…Offenders that do not count on this kind of protection could be more prone to committing more violent crimes, such as homicide, to protect themselves (cf. Adams & Pizarro, 2013). Having homicide and/or attempted homicide as the second more AO Holanda & J Oliveira-Castro frequent crime among respondents belonging to the LM Group could support this idea, considering that this type of crime is typically motivated by retaliations (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Economic-behavioral Analysis of Delinquent Acts Based on the Report of Juvenile Offenders in Confinement

Holanda

Oliveira-Castro

2019

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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From a behavioral-economic approach of delinquent behavior, this research aimed to identify potential consequences that could alter the cost of crime from the offender’s perspective. A questionnaire prepared to assess the level of informational and utilitarian reinforcement and punishment of these consequences was answered by 118 juvenile offenders in confinement. The reported level of informational reinforcement did not predict the level of multiplicity of offenses committed. The reported levels of utilitarian reinforcement, informational punishment, and utilitarian punishment predicted this level of multiplicity. Only the level of utilitarian punishment decreased the likelihood of an offender having been involved in more types of criminal acts. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…While public disorder, drink and drug offences are not direct expressions of some goal or need their presence in this region and their strong association with the violent offences/behaviours may mean that they influence the violent and anti-social behaviours that characterise this region as it has been previously found that violent behaviour often results from drug and alcohol effects (Adams & Pizarro, 2014), and that many offenders when taken into custody for violent crime were under the influence when committing the offence (Felson, 2006;Parker & Auerhahn, 1998).…”

Section: Insert Figure 1 Here the Expressive Offending Stylementioning

confidence: 95%

“…There appears to be mixed results concerning violent specialisation, as Stattin and Magnusson (1991) and Piquero (2000) found violent crimes to be the least specialised. Adams & Pizarro (2014) studied specialisation in the criminal careers of gang and non-gang homicide offenders and found that the homicide offenders in the sample were generally versatile in their offending leading up to the homicide while some evidence of specialisation was found with drug offenses having the highest probability of occurring prior to the homicide incidents.…”

Section: Are Criminals Specialised or Versatile In Their Offending Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Expressive and Instrumental Offending

Youngs

Ιωάννου

Eagles

2014

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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Although previous research into specialisation has been dominated by the debate over the existence of specialisation versus versatility, it is suggested that research needs to move beyond the restrictions of this dispute. The current study explores the criminal careers of 200 offenders based on their criminal records, obtained from a police database in the North West of England, aiming to understand the patterns and nature of specialisation by determining the presence of differentiation within their general offending behaviours and examining whether the framework of Expressive and Instrumental offending styles can account for any specialised tendencies that emerge. Fifty-eight offences were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis. Results revealed that a model of criminal differentiation could be identified and that any specialisation is represented in terms of Expressive and Instrumental offending styles.

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Patterns of Specialization and Escalation in the Criminal Careers of Gang and Non-Gang Homicide Offenders

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

An Epidemiological Study of Burglary Offenders: Trends and Predictors of Self-Reported Arrests for Burglary in the United States, 2002-2013

An Epidemiological Study of Burglary Offenders: Trends and Predictors of Self-Reported Arrests for Burglary in the United States, 2002-2013

Economic-behavioral Analysis of Delinquent Acts Based on the Report of Juvenile Offenders in Confinement

Expressive and Instrumental Offending

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