Patterns of Symbiodinium distribution in three giant clam species across the biodiverse Bird’s Head region of Indonesia

DeBoer, Timery S.; Baker, Andrew C.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Ambariyanto,; Jones, Paul R.; Barber, Paul H.

doi:10.3354/meps09413

Cited by 113 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Both the western and eastern edges of the Halmahera Eddy were areas of significant divergence, although with recent age estimates for HE west and varying age estimates for HE east (Figure ). These boundaries reinforce previous suggestions that Cenderawasih Bay, which is bounded by both oceanographic barriers and is set back from the open ocean and characterized by strong environmental gradients (DeBoer et al., ), encloses a relatively isolated set of sites (DeBoer et al., ; Kochzius & Nuryanto, ; Nuryanto & Kochzius, ; DeBoer, Naguit, Erdmann, Ablan‐Lagman, Carpenter, et al., ). Maintaining genetic isolation between Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia requires limited dispersal across both the Torres Strait and the Halmahera Eddy (both western and eastern boundaries), because individuals could disperse along the northern or southern shores of New Guinea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Historical divergences associated with intermittent land bridges overshadow isolation by larval dispersal in co‐distributed species of Tridacna giant clams

Keyse

Treml

Huelsken

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The aim of this study was to test historical and contemporary influences on population structure in the giant clams, Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798) and T. crocea (Lamarck, 1819). To refine the location of clade boundaries within a newly resurrected species, Tridacna noae (Röding, 1798). Location Indo‐Australian archipelago, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Republic of Kiribati, the Line Islands and Taiwan. Methods We used isolation‐migration (IMa) coalescent models and distance‐based redundancy analyses (dbRDA) to test the relative influence of barriers and continuous distances on historical divergence, gene flow and population structure of T. maxima and T. crocea. Continuous metrics of distance included present‐day and Last Glacial Maximum overwater distances along with probability of larval dispersal (LD) among sampling sites. We combined new mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA COI) sequences with existing data to compile the largest data set of these species yet analysed. Results The Pleistocene land barriers of the Sunda Shelf and Torres Strait were associated with old (>0.5 Myr) divergence times. The western and eastern boundaries of the Halmahera Eddy were also locations of significant, but more recent, divergence. No gene flow was detected across any of the four barriers tested. Larval dispersal distances between sampling sites were significant predictors of T. crocea population structure, accounting for differentiation above and beyond the contribution of barriers. We further delineated the species range of T. noae and showed that its two known clades are sympatric in central Indonesia. Main conclusions The strong signature of historical barriers on genetic differentiation argues against the assumption that Indo‐Pacific Tridacna are open meta‐populations. Despite similar life histories, T. maxima and T. crocea differ in their mtDNA population structure. The widespread species (T. maxima) exhibits population structure linked solely with historical factors, whereas T. crocea's population structure reflects both historical factors and LD distances.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Historical divergences associated with intermittent land bridges overshadow isolation by larval dispersal in co‐distributed species of Tridacna giant clams

Keyse

Treml

Huelsken

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Within Mollusca, tridacnid-associated symbionts are relatively well studied, covering 8 out of 12 currently recognized Tridacninae species. Their symbionts are mostly placed into Symbiodinium clade A, C, and occasionally D (Kirkendale and Paulay, 2017; see comprehensive literature list in Supplementary Table 2) and a single host individual can sometimes possess multiple symbiont lineages (DeBoer et al, 2012). Within Fraginae, the symbiont community from four species have been examined to date using molecular markers: Fragum fragum (Linnaeus, 1758), Fragum unedo (Linnaeus, 1758), Corculum cardissa, and Corculum monstrosum (Gmelin, 1791) (Carlos et al, 1999(Carlos et al, , 2000Baillie et al, 2000;LaJeunesse, 2001;Dreier et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Photosymbiosis Between Fraginae Bivalves and Symbiodinium Using Phylogenetics and Stable Isotopes

Volsteadt

Kirkendale

et al. 2018

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Photosymbiotic associations between heterotrophic hosts and photosynthetic algae play crucial roles in maintaining the trophic and structural integrity of coral reef ecosystems. The marine bivalve subfamily Fraginae contains both non-symbiotic and photosymbiotic lineages, making it an ideal comparative system to study the origin and evolutionary adaptations of photosymbiosis. The symbiotic species exhibit unique morphological adaptations to photosymbiosis. However, the basic biology of these photosymbiotic relationships, such as symbiont diversity and nutritional benefits, has not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we examined the general morphology of four Fraginae species occupying different depths (0-10 m): Corculum cardissa, Fragum fragum, Fragum scruposum, and Fragum sueziense. Abundant symbionts were found in the mantle, gill, and part of the foot, contained in tubular networks within host tissues. We used molecular phylogenetics to investigate the algal symbiont community of these Fraginae species. Results showed that symbionts from all four species are dinoflagellates belonging to the Symbiodinium clade C and we did not detect any host-specific or geographic-specific genetic structures within the symbionts. We also used stable carbon isotope analyses to examine whether the cockles are directly utilizing photosynthetically derived carbon sources. All species show less depleted 13 C compared to filter-feeding bivalves, suggesting at least part of their organic carbon is derived directly from the symbionts. However, 13 C depletion of Fragum sueziense collected from deeper habitats are less distinguishable from filter-feeding bivalves. This indicates that species in deeper habitats may rely less on photosymbiosis due to the reduced light availability. Given that the symbiotic fragines exhibit varying morphologies, habitats, and utilization of symbiont photosynthesis, the subfamily represents an ideal model system to study differential adaptations to photosymbiosis.

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“…The culture of Symbiodinium was performed, using Daigo’s IMK Medium for Marine Microalgae (Nihon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; see [20] for more details about the isolation and culture of Symbiodinium). The Symbiodinium are likely to belong to the clades A, C and D [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impediment to Symbiosis Establishment between Giant Clams and Symbiodinium Algae Due to Sterilization of Seawater

Kurihara

Yamada

Inoue³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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To survive the juvenile stage, giant clam juveniles need to establish a symbiotic relationship with the microalgae Symbiodinium occurring in the environment. The percentage of giant clam juveniles succeeding in symbiosis establishment (“symbiosis rate”) is often low, which is problematic for seed producers. We investigated how and why symbiosis rates vary, depending on whether giant clam seeds are continuously reared in UV treated or non treated seawater. Results repeatedly demonstrated that symbiosis rates were lower for UV treated seawater than for non treated seawater. Symbiosis rates were also lower for autoclaved seawater and 0.2-µm filtered seawater than for non treated seawater. The decreased symbiosis rates in various sterilized seawater suggest the possibility that some factors helping symbiosis establishment in natural seawater are weakened owing to sterilization. The possible factors include vitality of giant clam seeds, since additional experiments revealed that survival rates of seeds reared alone without Symbiodinium were lower in sterilized seawater than in non treated seawater. In conclusion, UV treatment of seawater was found to lead to decreased symbiosis rates, which is due possibly to some adverse effects common to the various sterilization techniques and relates to the vitality of the giant clam seeds.

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Patterns of Symbiodinium distribution in three giant clam species across the biodiverse Bird’s Head region of Indonesia

Cited by 113 publications

References 82 publications

Historical divergences associated with intermittent land bridges overshadow isolation by larval dispersal in co‐distributed species of Tridacna giant clams

Historical divergences associated with intermittent land bridges overshadow isolation by larval dispersal in co‐distributed species of Tridacna giant clams

Characterizing Photosymbiosis Between Fraginae Bivalves and Symbiodinium Using Phylogenetics and Stable Isotopes

Impediment to Symbiosis Establishment between Giant Clams and Symbiodinium Algae Due to Sterilization of Seawater

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