Patterns of Variation in Levels of Homoplasy

Sanderson, Michael J.; Donoghue, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02626.x

Cited by 438 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Detailed comparison with the results of Aradhya et al (1999) is difficult for two reasons: (1) the smaller set of species used in their analysis might influence the individual position of genotypes (e.g. Sanderson and Donoghue 1989) and (2) and probably more importantly, they investigated a larger number of characters derived from a single cpDNA region, whereas we investigated fewer characters from multiple regions. However, the mutations we detected were not sufficiently numerous for clarifying the intergeneric relationships within Caricaceae.…”

Section: Caricaceae Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 94%

Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP

et al. 2004

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The chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA diversity of 61 genotypes belonging to 18 Vasconcellea species, the so-called highland papayas, was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis of two non-coding cpDNA regions ( trnM- rbcL and trnK1- trnK2) and one non-coding mtDNA region ( nad4/1- nad4/2). This sample set was supplemented with six genotypes belonging to three other Caricaceae genera: the monotypic genus Carica, including only the cultivated papaya, and the genera Jacaratia and Cylicomorpha. Moringa ovalifolia was added as an outgroup species. The PCR-amplified cpDNA regions were digested with 18 restriction endonucleases, the mtDNA region with 11. A total of 22 point mutations and four insertion/deletions were scored in the sample. A higher level of interspecific variation was detected in the two cpDNA regions in comparison to the analysis of the mtDNA. Wagner parsimony and Neighbor-Joining analysis resulted in dendrograms with similar topologies. PCR-RFLP analysis supported the monophyly of Caricaceae, but among the 26 mutations scored, an insufficient number of markers discriminated between the different Caricaceae genera included in this study. Hence the inference of the intergeneric relationships within Caricaceae was impossible. However, some conclusions can be noted at a lower taxonomic level. The Caricaceae species were divided into two lineages. One group included only Vasconcellea spp., whereas the second included the remaining Vasconcellea spp., together with the papaya genotypes and those from the other Caricaceae genera. This may indicate a higher level of inter-fertility for the Vasconcellea species from the latter clade in interspecific crossings with papaya. The putative progenitors of the natural sterile hybrid V. x heilbornii, i.e. V. stipulata and V. cundinamarcensis, were only distantly related to V. x heilbornii. This indicates that probably none of these species was involved as the maternal progenitor in the origin of V. x heilbornii. Surprisingly, V. x heilbornii had organellar genome patterns identical with V. weberbaueri, suggesting a possible involvement of this species in the origin of V. x heilbornii. On the basis of discrepancy between morphological traits and the cpDNA profiles of some pairs of Vasconcellea species, we believe that besides V. x heilbornii, some other species have originated through interspecific hybridization. A reticulate evolution for Vasconcellea has therefore been suggested. Finally, intraspecific cpDNA variation was detected in V. microcarpa, thus providing molecular evidence for the high diversity previously indicated by morphological observations.

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Section: Caricaceae Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 94%

Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP

et al. 2004

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“…The Consistency Index (CI) and Retention Index (RI) were 0.864 and 0.867 respectively. The predicted CI based on the polynomial regression analysis of Sanderson and Donoghue (1989) is 0.3279, which indicates that there are low levels of homoplasy in this data set.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sequence variation in the gene encoding the 10-kDa prolamin in Oryza (Poaceae). I. Phylogenetic Implications

Mullins

Hilu

2002

Theor Appl Genet

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Oryza L. (Poaceae) contains approximately 20 wild and two domesticated species and nine genomes. Major disagreements exist on its systematics and genome evolution. Sequence polymorphism in the gene that encodes the 10-kDa prolamin polypeptide (a seed storage protein) was used to determine phylogenetic relationships and evaluate current systematics for 19 Oryza species. This gene in Oryza is approximately 402-bp long, and includes a 72-bp signal peptide region. A strict consensus tree shows Oryza brachyantha (FF) as the most basal species, followed by a polytomy of three clades that can be delineated based on genome composition: (1) the GG clade: Oryza granulata and Oryza meyeriana, (2) the EE clade: Oryza australiensis, and (3) the ABCD clade: the remaining Oryza species. Two subclades within the ABCD clade emerge, one containing species with the AA genome, the other with components of the BC and D genomes. Members of the AA subclade form a polytomy and were delineated by a single 3-base deletion. The African species Oryza punctata (BB) and the South American-endemic CCDD genome species form a strong lineage, pointing to a close genetic affinity of O. punctata to the missing DD genome donor. The strong association between the CC and BBCC species implies convergence at the gene level. The study supports the following sectional units of Oryza: Section Oryza (Series sativae and officinaliae), Section australiensis, Section Granulata, Section Brachyantha.

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“…The initial cladogram was used to polarize the polymorphisms of Gda and Pgm which were then coded as described above and the entire data set reanalysed. Consistency indices were calculated with autapomorphies removed following the method of Sanderson and Donoghue (1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of social behavior and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera : Halictidae): a phylogenetic approach

Packer

1991

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Phylogenetic studies are required to establish the direction of evolutionary change in behavioral characters. Here I produce a phylogeny for 8 Old World species of the subgenus Evylaeus based upon cladistic analysis of 26 informative allozyme loci. By mapping behavioral character states upon the resulting cladogram, the following major conclusions could be drawn:(1) Social Evylaeus species share sociality by descent from a eusocial common ancestor which might not have been an Evylaeus species; the solitary behavior of Lasioglossurn (E.)fulvicorne may be a derived condition. (2) One reversal to solitary behavior within Evylaeus is proven for a Japanese montane population of L. (E.) calceaturn. (3) The perennial societies of L. (E.) marginaturn are derived from an annual social cycle and do not represent an independent evolution of sociality. (4) Multiple-foundress associations are a derived conditionwithin Evylaeus, suggesting that if social behavior evolved within the group, then the semisocial route was not the one taken by these bees. (5) The nest architectural trait of excavating a cavity around clustered brood cells is a ground plan characteristic of Evylaeus but with a reversal in L. (E.) marginaturn. (6) It is likely that extended opening of brood cells during juvenile development has originated independently twice among the species considered. Another benefit of phylogenetic studies is their use in predicting which taxa are most likely to exhibit particularly interesting behavioral states. In this regard, the phylogeny suggests that close relatives of L. (E.)fulvicorne and also most of the major species groups of Evylaeus which have not received any field study should be investigated both phylogenetically and behaviorally for a full evaluation of behavioral evolution in Evylaeus.

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Patterns of Variation in Levels of Homoplasy

Cited by 438 publications

References 86 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP

Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP

Sequence variation in the gene encoding the 10-kDa prolamin in Oryza (Poaceae). I. Phylogenetic Implications

The evolution of social behavior and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera : Halictidae): a phylogenetic approach

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