Patterns of Violence Against Women in Three Communities in Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract

The following recommendations are made: empowering women and girls to lead change by increasing their access to education and information; meeting the needs of abused women; mobilizing advocacy initiative by enlisting social, political, and other leaders to speak about VAW; changing policies and legislation to address gender-based violence; conducting education, awareness, and sensitization programs highlighting the problem; screening for violence in healthcare facilities and developing culture sensitive protocols for prevention and interventions for DV; and promoting nurses' participation and involving men in movements to end VAW.

Magnitude and determinants of domestic violence against ever married women in Sohag, Egypt

“…These findings are consistent with. [8,14] A growing body of literature, [5,[8][9][10][11]13,15,[19][20][21][22] support our findings that low level of education of the participants was significantly associated with DV. Our results showed that more than two-thirds illiterate ones or those having primary education only reported exposure to DV compared to less than half those having university degree.…”

“…In agreement with, [8,10,13,14] DV was found to be significantly associated with working status of the women, additionally, results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk of DV was 2.8 times higher among homemakers than working women. This is because financial independency of the woman is supposed to be protective against DV, moreover, these women who were dependent on their husband for their basic demands, usually accept and tolerate the violence committed against them.…”

“…Several previous studies enforced our results concerning the absence of significant relation between DV and type of the house and presence of children [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and duration of marriage. [21] although [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] found that DV was significantly associated with duration of marriage.…”

“…Although it is higher than results of Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2014 (33%), [3] it is comparable to that reported in Zagazig [8] and Minia [9] governorates (62.2% and 57.4%, respectively). In Alexandria, a reported prevalence of 35.5% [10] and 77.% [11] was also found. Major variation between the prevalence of DV found by these studies and that reported by DHS may be partially explained by the fact that tools used for measuring DV in these studies were not comparable to the questionnaire used in DHS.…”

Factors associated with domestic violence: a cross-sectional survey among women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

“…However, none of these studies identified the factors associated with DV, which is an important step towards designing effective DV prevention programmes. This study was designed to identify the factors, such as the woman's educational status,9 10 occupation,9 11 age,10 12 13 socioeconomic status,9 14 alcohol consumption10––14 and number of children,11 15 which have been reported to be significantly associated with spousal abuse.…”